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Questions and Answers
What are the two major components of the integumentary system?
What are the two major components of the integumentary system?
Which function of the integumentary system involves the synthesis of Vitamin D3?
Which function of the integumentary system involves the synthesis of Vitamin D3?
What is the characteristic of the stratum corneum?
What is the characteristic of the stratum corneum?
Which layer of the epidermis do cells begin to make keratin?
Which layer of the epidermis do cells begin to make keratin?
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What two factors contribute to the natural demise of epidermal cells?
What two factors contribute to the natural demise of epidermal cells?
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Skin color is primarily determined by which two factors?
Skin color is primarily determined by which two factors?
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What is one of the main functions of keratin in the epidermis?
What is one of the main functions of keratin in the epidermis?
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Which accessory structure is included in the integumentary system?
Which accessory structure is included in the integumentary system?
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Which pigment is responsible for producing orange and yellow hues in the body?
Which pigment is responsible for producing orange and yellow hues in the body?
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In which layer of the skin are melanocytes primarily located?
In which layer of the skin are melanocytes primarily located?
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What is the primary function of melanin in the skin?
What is the primary function of melanin in the skin?
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What is produced by hair follicles?
What is produced by hair follicles?
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What causes acne or pimples in the skin?
What causes acne or pimples in the skin?
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What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?
What is the function of the arrector pili muscle?
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Which gland secretes sebum to inhibit bacterial growth?
Which gland secretes sebum to inhibit bacterial growth?
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How do sweat glands contribute to maintaining body temperature?
How do sweat glands contribute to maintaining body temperature?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System
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Two Major Components:
- Cutaneous membrane (Epidermis and Dermis)
- Accessory structures (Nails, Hair, Glands)
Functions of the Integumentary System
- Protection: From pathogens, irritants, allergens, and environmental hazards.
- Temperature Regulation: Maintaining homeostasis through heat gain or loss.
- Nutrient Synthesis/Storage: Vitamin D3 synthesis, lipid reserves in the dermis.
- Sensory Reception: Responding to touch, pressure, pain, and temperature.
- Excretion/Secretion: Removing waste through sweat, organic substances, and milk production.
Why Integumentary Issues are Obvious
- Located on the surface, making it immediately visible.
Epidermis Structure and Function
- Stratum Corneum: Outermost layer, composed of flattened, dead keratinized cells; a protective barrier against pathogens and water loss. The cells are tightly connected by desmosomes and are 15-30 layers thick.
- Stratum Lucidum: (Level 4) - Thin, clear layer, present in thick skin only
- Stratum Granulosum: (Level 3) - Cells begin to produce keratin, differentiating and becoming less viable.
- Stratum Spinosum: (Level 2) - Cells containing melanin (melanocytes) generate new cells
- Stratum Germinativum (Basale): (Level 1) - Deepest layer, actively dividing cells; generating new cells to replace lost/shed cells on the surface, cells in this layer contain melanocytes, the site where new cell generation begins.
Keratin's Role
- Keratin provides protection and waterproof properties to the skin, hair, and nails.
Epidermal Cell Demise
- Production of keratin exceeds the cells' ability to handle it.
- Cells move away from nutrient sources.
Skin Pigmentation
- Determined by pigmentation and blood supply.
- Pigments include:
- Carotene: Contributing orange/yellow hues.
- Melanin: Contributing brown, yellow-brown, or black hues.
Melanocytes and Melanin
- Melanocytes produce melanin, found in the stratum germinativum (basale).
- Melanin protects the skin from UV radiation damage.
Vitamin D3 Synthesis
- Ultraviolet radiation is needed for vitamin D3 synthesis
- Vitamin D3 is vital for calcium and phosphorus absorption.
Dermis Structure and Function
- Papillary Layer: Contains capillaries, nerves supplying the epidermis (nutrition and temperature regulation.)
- Reticular Layer: Provides support, flexibility, and independent movement.
Langerhans Cells
- Part of the immune system; defend against and aid in repairing from injury/infection.
Hair Production
- Hair follicles produce hair.
Arrector Pili Muscle
- Causes hair to stand on end (goosebumps). Triggered by emotion or temperature.
Sebaceous Glands
- Secrete sebum, preventing bacterial growth, skin damage, and moisture loss.
Acne
- Sebaceous glands become clogged with oil and dead skin cells.
Sweat Glands
- Sweat glands release water to cool you down.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the integumentary system, focusing on its major components, functions, and structures. Explore details about the epidermis, its layers, and how it protects and regulates the body. This quiz covers essential aspects of skin anatomy and its physiological roles.
