Podcast
Questions and Answers
What substance do sebaceous glands secrete to lubricate hair and skin?
What substance do sebaceous glands secrete to lubricate hair and skin?
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
What is the primary function of the integumentary system?
Sweat glands are also referred to as sebaceous glands.
Sweat glands are also referred to as sebaceous glands.
False
What is the soft tissue that covers the nail root called?
What is the soft tissue that covers the nail root called?
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The epidermis is the innermost layer of the skin.
The epidermis is the innermost layer of the skin.
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What type of cells are found in the basal layer of the epidermis that produce melanin?
What type of cells are found in the basal layer of the epidermis that produce melanin?
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The ________ muscle is associated with hair follicles and can cause hair to stand upright.
The ________ muscle is associated with hair follicles and can cause hair to stand upright.
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Match the following combining forms with their meanings:
Match the following combining forms with their meanings:
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The ________ layer is composed mainly of fat cells that provide insulation.
The ________ layer is composed mainly of fat cells that provide insulation.
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Which of the following conditions refers to inflammation of the skin?
Which of the following conditions refers to inflammation of the skin?
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Match the skin layers to their characteristics:
Match the skin layers to their characteristics:
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Nails grow longer from the free edge.
Nails grow longer from the free edge.
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Which of the following is NOT considered an appendage of the skin?
Which of the following is NOT considered an appendage of the skin?
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What is the term for the surgical removal of a nail?
What is the term for the surgical removal of a nail?
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The dermis contains connective tissue and collagen fibers.
The dermis contains connective tissue and collagen fibers.
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________ are glands that open into hair follicles and secrete oil.
________ are glands that open into hair follicles and secrete oil.
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What is the main purpose of keratinized cells in the skin?
What is the main purpose of keratinized cells in the skin?
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What is the primary function of sweat glands?
What is the primary function of sweat glands?
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Sebaceous glands secrete ________, which helps keep the skin moist.
Sebaceous glands secrete ________, which helps keep the skin moist.
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Which layer of the skin is known as the 'true skin'?
Which layer of the skin is known as the 'true skin'?
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What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
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The dermis is also referred to as the hypodermis.
The dermis is also referred to as the hypodermis.
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What is the primary role of the basal layer of the epidermis?
What is the primary role of the basal layer of the epidermis?
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The ________ layer of the skin provides insulation and houses fat cells.
The ________ layer of the skin provides insulation and houses fat cells.
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Match the following skin appendages with their functions:
Match the following skin appendages with their functions:
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Which component is NOT found in the dermis?
Which component is NOT found in the dermis?
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The epidermis has a rich blood supply to nourish its cells.
The epidermis has a rich blood supply to nourish its cells.
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What does keratinized mean in relation to skin cells?
What does keratinized mean in relation to skin cells?
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Sebaceous glands are responsible for secreting ________.
Sebaceous glands are responsible for secreting ________.
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What is the primary function of sweat glands?
What is the primary function of sweat glands?
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What is the function of sweat glands?
What is the function of sweat glands?
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Sebaceous glands secrete a substance that prevents drying and cracking of the skin.
Sebaceous glands secrete a substance that prevents drying and cracking of the skin.
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What term refers to a black tumor associated with skin?
What term refers to a black tumor associated with skin?
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The __________ muscle causes hair to stand upright.
The __________ muscle causes hair to stand upright.
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What is the term for the surgical removal of a nail?
What is the term for the surgical removal of a nail?
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Match the following combining forms with their meanings:
Match the following combining forms with their meanings:
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The cuticle covers the free edge of the nail.
The cuticle covers the free edge of the nail.
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Which type of gland opens into hair follicles?
Which type of gland opens into hair follicles?
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What is the effect of sebaceous gland secretion on the skin?
What is the effect of sebaceous gland secretion on the skin?
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Sweat glands are also known as ________ glands.
Sweat glands are also known as ________ glands.
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What is the main function of sebaceous glands?
What is the main function of sebaceous glands?
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Sweat pores are the openings through which sweat exits the body.
Sweat pores are the openings through which sweat exits the body.
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What soft tissue covers the nail root?
What soft tissue covers the nail root?
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The __________ glands are responsible for thermoregulation through sweat production.
The __________ glands are responsible for thermoregulation through sweat production.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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What is the primary purpose of the arrector pili muscle?
What is the primary purpose of the arrector pili muscle?
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Nails grow longer from the free edge.
Nails grow longer from the free edge.
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Identify the type of gland that secretes sebum.
Identify the type of gland that secretes sebum.
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Hyper_________ refers to a condition of excessive sweat production.
Hyper_________ refers to a condition of excessive sweat production.
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Match the combining forms with their meanings:
Match the combining forms with their meanings:
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Which layer of the skin is known for being the outermost and thin?
Which layer of the skin is known for being the outermost and thin?
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The dermis is also referred to as the hypodermis.
The dermis is also referred to as the hypodermis.
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Name one function of the integumentary system.
Name one function of the integumentary system.
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The ________ layer of the skin contains fat cells that provide insulation.
The ________ layer of the skin contains fat cells that provide insulation.
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Match the following skin structures with their characteristics:
Match the following skin structures with their characteristics:
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Which type of cells in the basal layer of the epidermis produce melanin?
Which type of cells in the basal layer of the epidermis produce melanin?
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Keratinized cells in the skin shrink and die before providing a protective barrier.
Keratinized cells in the skin shrink and die before providing a protective barrier.
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What term is given to the fibrous connective tissue layer located beneath the epidermis?
What term is given to the fibrous connective tissue layer located beneath the epidermis?
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________ glands are responsible for secreting sweat to help regulate body temperature.
________ glands are responsible for secreting sweat to help regulate body temperature.
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Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the integumentary system?
Which of the following is NOT an accessory organ of the integumentary system?
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Which layer of the skin is referred to as the 'true skin'?
Which layer of the skin is referred to as the 'true skin'?
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The epidermis is the thickest layer of skin in the human body.
The epidermis is the thickest layer of skin in the human body.
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What substance do melanocytes produce?
What substance do melanocytes produce?
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The inner most layer of the skin, primarily made of fat cells, is called the __________.
The inner most layer of the skin, primarily made of fat cells, is called the __________.
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Match the skin appendages with their functions:
Match the skin appendages with their functions:
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What type of connective tissue is primarily found in the dermis?
What type of connective tissue is primarily found in the dermis?
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Sebaceous glands are involved in thermoregulation.
Sebaceous glands are involved in thermoregulation.
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Which gland is responsible for secreting sebum?
Which gland is responsible for secreting sebum?
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What is the primary function of keratinized cells in the epidermis?
What is the primary function of keratinized cells in the epidermis?
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Nails grow longer from the nail root.
Nails grow longer from the nail root.
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The __________ is the deepest layer of the skin and contains adipose tissue.
The __________ is the deepest layer of the skin and contains adipose tissue.
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What are the skin appendages that include hair and nails called?
What are the skin appendages that include hair and nails called?
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The ________ muscle can cause hair to stand upright.
The ________ muscle can cause hair to stand upright.
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Match the following skin layers with their main characteristics:
Match the following skin layers with their main characteristics:
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Match the following skin conditions with their definitions:
Match the following skin conditions with their definitions:
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Which of the following is a type of sweat gland?
Which of the following is a type of sweat gland?
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Sebaceous glands open directly onto the surface of the skin.
Sebaceous glands open directly onto the surface of the skin.
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What is the primary purpose of sweat glands?
What is the primary purpose of sweat glands?
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The soft tissue that covers the nail root is called the ________.
The soft tissue that covers the nail root is called the ________.
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What type of cells produce melanin in the skin?
What type of cells produce melanin in the skin?
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Which layer of the skin is responsible for housing hair follicles and glands?
Which layer of the skin is responsible for housing hair follicles and glands?
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The epidermis contains a rich blood supply to nourish its cells.
The epidermis contains a rich blood supply to nourish its cells.
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What is the primary function of melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis?
What is the primary function of melanocytes in the basal layer of the epidermis?
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The __________ layer of the skin consists of fat cells that provide insulation.
The __________ layer of the skin consists of fat cells that provide insulation.
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Match the following skin appendages with their functions:
Match the following skin appendages with their functions:
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Which function does the integumentary system NOT perform?
Which function does the integumentary system NOT perform?
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What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?
What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?
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The free edge of a nail is the part that grows from the nail root.
The free edge of a nail is the part that grows from the nail root.
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The dermis is also referred to as the hypodermis.
The dermis is also referred to as the hypodermis.
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What are the three main layers of the skin?
What are the three main layers of the skin?
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What structure causes hair to stand upright when stimulated?
What structure causes hair to stand upright when stimulated?
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Sweat glands are also known as ________ glands.
Sweat glands are also known as ________ glands.
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The __________ layer of skin is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
The __________ layer of skin is composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which component of the skin acts as a protective barrier against UV rays?
Which component of the skin acts as a protective barrier against UV rays?
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Which type of gland opens into hair follicles?
Which type of gland opens into hair follicles?
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The cuticle is the exposed edge of the nail.
The cuticle is the exposed edge of the nail.
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What is the purpose of sebum production in sebaceous glands?
What is the purpose of sebum production in sebaceous glands?
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The nail grows longer from the ________.
The nail grows longer from the ________.
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What term refers to a skin disease?
What term refers to a skin disease?
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What is the main function of sebaceous glands?
What is the main function of sebaceous glands?
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Hair grows longer from the hair shaft.
Hair grows longer from the hair shaft.
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What type of gland is responsible for thermoregulation through the production of sweat?
What type of gland is responsible for thermoregulation through the production of sweat?
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The _____ is the part of the hair that is visible above the skin.
The _____ is the part of the hair that is visible above the skin.
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Match the following conditions with their definitions:
Match the following conditions with their definitions:
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Which of the following correctly describes the cuticle?
Which of the following correctly describes the cuticle?
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Sweat glands open directly onto the skin surface through sweat pores.
Sweat glands open directly onto the skin surface through sweat pores.
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Sebaceous glands secrete _____ to prevent drying and cracking of hair and skin.
Sebaceous glands secrete _____ to prevent drying and cracking of hair and skin.
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What term refers to the surgical removal of a nail?
What term refers to the surgical removal of a nail?
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Which condition is characterized by scaly, dry skin?
Which condition is characterized by scaly, dry skin?
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Which layer of the skin contains the hair follicles and sebaceous glands?
Which layer of the skin contains the hair follicles and sebaceous glands?
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The subcutaneous layer is the outermost layer of the skin.
The subcutaneous layer is the outermost layer of the skin.
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What is the primary role of melanocytes in the skin?
What is the primary role of melanocytes in the skin?
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The epidermis is composed of ________ epithelium.
The epidermis is composed of ________ epithelium.
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Match the following skin appendages to their functions:
Match the following skin appendages to their functions:
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What is a function of the sebaceous glands?
What is a function of the sebaceous glands?
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The basal layer of the epidermis is responsible for the skin's protective barrier.
The basal layer of the epidermis is responsible for the skin's protective barrier.
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What term is used to describe the innermost layer of the skin?
What term is used to describe the innermost layer of the skin?
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The ________ layer is known for its good blood supply and living tissue.
The ________ layer is known for its good blood supply and living tissue.
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Match the following components of the skin to their descriptions:
Match the following components of the skin to their descriptions:
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What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
What is the outermost layer of the skin called?
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The dermis is the innermost layer of the skin.
The dermis is the innermost layer of the skin.
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Name the special cells in the basal layer of the epidermis that produce melanin.
Name the special cells in the basal layer of the epidermis that produce melanin.
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The ________ layer of skin is composed mainly of fat cells.
The ________ layer of skin is composed mainly of fat cells.
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Match the following skin structures with their functions:
Match the following skin structures with their functions:
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Which layer of the skin is known as 'true skin'?
Which layer of the skin is known as 'true skin'?
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The epidermis has a blood supply for nourishing its cells.
The epidermis has a blood supply for nourishing its cells.
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What is the primary function of keratinized cells in the skin?
What is the primary function of keratinized cells in the skin?
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The ________ skin appendages include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
The ________ skin appendages include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
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Match the following layers of skin with their descriptions:
Match the following layers of skin with their descriptions:
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Which of the following is a function of sebaceous glands?
Which of the following is a function of sebaceous glands?
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The primary function of nails is to protect the tips of fingers and toes.
The primary function of nails is to protect the tips of fingers and toes.
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What is the term for the soft tissue that covers the nail root?
What is the term for the soft tissue that covers the nail root?
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The arrector pili muscle causes hair to stand on __________.
The arrector pili muscle causes hair to stand on __________.
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Which type of gland is also known as sudoriferous glands?
Which type of gland is also known as sudoriferous glands?
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Match the following combining forms with their meanings:
Match the following combining forms with their meanings:
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The free edge of a nail is located at the proximal end of the nail.
The free edge of a nail is located at the proximal end of the nail.
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Sweat travels to the surface through the sweat __________.
Sweat travels to the surface through the sweat __________.
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What is the abnormal softening of the nail called?
What is the abnormal softening of the nail called?
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Which of the following conditions refers to inflammation of the skin?
Which of the following conditions refers to inflammation of the skin?
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What is the function of sebaceous glands?
What is the function of sebaceous glands?
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Nails grow longer from the nail root.
Nails grow longer from the nail root.
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What is the term for glands that secrete sweat?
What is the term for glands that secrete sweat?
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The _____ muscle is associated with hair follicles and helps in raising the hair.
The _____ muscle is associated with hair follicles and helps in raising the hair.
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Match the following terms with their definitions:
Match the following terms with their definitions:
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Which type of gland opens into sweat pores?
Which type of gland opens into sweat pores?
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Hypodermic refers to a condition of skin thickening.
Hypodermic refers to a condition of skin thickening.
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Name one condition associated with nails.
Name one condition associated with nails.
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_________ is the term for softening of the nails.
_________ is the term for softening of the nails.
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Which layer of the skin is also known as the hypodermis?
Which layer of the skin is also known as the hypodermis?
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What does erythroderma refer to?
What does erythroderma refer to?
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The epidermis contains a good supply of blood vessels.
The epidermis contains a good supply of blood vessels.
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What are the two main functions of the sebaceous glands in the integumentary system?
What are the two main functions of the sebaceous glands in the integumentary system?
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The _____ layer of the skin is composed mainly of connective tissue and collagen fibers.
The _____ layer of the skin is composed mainly of connective tissue and collagen fibers.
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Match the following skin appendages with their functions:
Match the following skin appendages with their functions:
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What type of cells in the basal layer of the epidermis produce melanin?
What type of cells in the basal layer of the epidermis produce melanin?
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The dermis is responsible for housing nerve receptors.
The dermis is responsible for housing nerve receptors.
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Name the three layers of the skin.
Name the three layers of the skin.
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_____ are glandular structures in the integumentary system that help cool the body through sweat production.
_____ are glandular structures in the integumentary system that help cool the body through sweat production.
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Which layer of the skin acts as an insulation layer for heat and cold?
Which layer of the skin acts as an insulation layer for heat and cold?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System Organs
- The integumentary system includes the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
Integumentary System Functions
- The integumentary system covers the entire body surface.
- It acts as a protective barrier against infection and environmental factors.
- It houses nerve receptors, allowing for sensation.
- It secretes fluids like sweat and sebum.
- It regulates temperature through sweating and blood vessel dilation/constriction.
Skin Layers
- The skin is comprised of three layers:
- Epidermis: The thin, outermost layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
- Cells are flat, scale-like and arranged in layers called strata.
- Doesn't have its own blood supply and relies on deeper layers for nourishment.
- The basal layer is the deepest layer where new cells are constantly produced.
- Dermis: The middle layer, also known as the corium.
- Consists of connective tissue and collagen fibers, providing flexibility and strength.
- Contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and blood vessels.
- Subcutaneous Layer: The deepest layer, also known as the hypodermis.
- Composed primarily of fat cells called lipocytes.
- Provides insulation for heat and cold, protecting deeper tissues.
- Epidermis: The thin, outermost layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
Epidermis
-
Melanocytes: Special cells in the basal layer that:
- Produce melanin, a black pigment that gives skin its color.
- Protect the skin from the damaging effects of ultraviolet rays.
Dermis
- Houses various structures:
- Hair follicles
- Sweat glands
- Sebaceous glands
- Blood vessels
Skin Appendages
-
Sebaceous Glands:
- Open into hair follicles.
- Secrete sebum, an oily substance that:
- Lubricates hair and skin.
- Prevents drying and cracking.
-
Sweat Glands:
- Also called sudoriferous glands.
- Coiled glands located in the dermis.
- Have a sweat duct that carries sweat to the surface through a sweat pore.
-
Hair:
- Consists of:
- Hair follicle: The structure in which hair grows.
- Hair root: The part of the hair that is embedded in the follicle.
- Hair shaft: The visible part of the hair.
- Arrector pili muscle: Tiny muscle attached to the hair follicle that contracts causing "goosebumps".
- Consists of:
-
Nails:
- Grow from the nail root.
- Have a cuticle, which is the soft tissue covering the nail root.
- The free edge is the exposed part of the nail.
Word Building
-
Combining forms*:
-
cutane/o: Relating to skin.
-
derm/o: Relating to skin.
-
adip(o): Fatty
-
dermat(o): Skin
-
hidr(o): Sweat, sweat glands
-
kerat(o): Horny tissue
-
lip(o): Fatty
-
melan(o): Black, very dark
-
myc(o): Fungus
-
onych(o): Nail
-
pil(o): Hair
-
seb(o): Sebum
-
steat(o): Fat
-
trich(o): Hair
-
Suffixes*:
-
–itis: Inflammation
-
–logist: Specialist
-
–osis: Abnormal condition
-
–pathy: Disease
-
–plasty: Surgical repair
-
–ectomy: Surgical removal
-
–malacia: Softening
-
–phagia: Eating
-
Examples*:
-
subcutaneous: Pertaining to under the skin.
-
epidermal: Pertaining to the upper layer of skin.
-
hypodermic: Pertaining to under the skin.
-
intradermal: Pertaining to within the skin.
-
dermatitis: Inflammation of the skin.
-
dermatologist: Skin specialist.
-
dermatosis: Abnormal skin condition.
-
dermatopathy: Skin disease.
-
dermatoplasty: Surgical repair of the skin.
-
melanoma: Black tumor.
-
melanocyte: Black cell.
-
onychectomy: Surgical removal of a nail.
-
onychomycosis: Fungus infection of the nail.
-
onychophagia: Nail biting.
-
erythroderma: Red skin.
-
ichthyoderma: Scaly, dry skin.
-
leukoderma: White skin.
-
pyoderma: Pus skin.
-
scleroderma: Hard skin
-
xeroderma: Dry skin.
Integumentary System Organs
- The Integumentary System is made up of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
Integumentary System Functions
- Protects against infection
- Houses nerve receptors
- Secretes fluids
- Regulates temperature
Skin Layers
-
Epidermis is the outer, thin membrane layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
- Has no blood supply or connective tissue
- Depends on deeper layers for nourishment
-
Dermis is the middle, fibrous connective tissue layer.
- Also called corium
- Contains blood vessels, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
-
Subcutaneous Layer is the inner most layer made of fatty tissue
- Also called hypodermis
Epidermis Details
-
Basal Layer is the deepest layer of the epidermis.
- Composed of cells that continuously grow and push older cells towards the surface.
- Contains melanocytes which produce melanin, giving skin its color and protecting it from UV rays.
Dermis Details
- Dermis is composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers which give it flexible strength.
Subcutaneous Layer Details
- Composed of fat cells called lipocytes.
- Protects deeper tissues and acts as insulation for heat and cold.
Skin Appendages
- Located within the dermis and help maintain the body's homeostasis
-
Hair
- Consists of a hair follicle, hair root, hair shaft, and arrector pili muscle.
-
Nails
- Grow from the nail root.
-
Sebaceous Glands
- Secrete oil sebum to lubricate hair and skin and prevent drying.
-
Sweat Glands
- Coiled glands located in dermis with a sweat duct and a sweat pore on the surface.
-
Hair
Word Building
- cutane/o and derm/o relate to skin.
- subcutaneous (sub– –ous): pertaining to under the skin
- epidermal (epi– –al) : pertaining to upon the skin
- hypodermic (hypo– –ic) : pertaining to under the skin
- intradermal (intra– –al) : pertaining to within the skin
- dermatitis (–itis) : inflammation of the skin
- dermatologist (–logist) : skin specialist
- dermatosis (–osis) : abnormal skin condition
- dermatopathy (–pathy) : skin disease
- dermatoplasty (–plasty) : surgical repair of the skin
- melan/o and necr/o relate to black color.
- melanoma (–oma) : black tumor
- melanocyte (–cyte): black cell
Word Building Continued
- onych/o relates to the nail.
- py/o relates to pus
- onychectomy (–ectomy) : surgical removal of the nail
- onychomalacia (–malacia) : nail softening
- onychomycosis (myc/o –osis) : nail fungal infection
- onychophagia (–phagia): nail eating (nail biting)
Word Building Continued
- -derma is used to refer to the skin
- erythroderma (erythr/o) : red skin
- ichthyoderma (ichthy/o): scaly, dry skin
- leukoderma (leuk/o) : white skin
- pyoderma (py/o) : pus in the skin
- scleroderma (scler/o) : hard skin
- xeroderma (xer/o) : dry skin
Combining Forms
- adip(o): fatty tissue
- dermat(o): skin
- hidr(o): sweat, sweat glands
- kerat(o): horny tissue
- lip(o): fatty
- melan(o): black, very dark
- myc(o): fungus
- onych(o): nail
- pil(o): hair
- seb(o): sebum
- steat(o): fat
- trich(o): hair
Integumentary System
- The Integumentary system is made up of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
- It is responsible for protecting the body against infection, housing nerve receptors, secreting fluids, and regulating temperature.
Layers of the Skin
- The skin has three layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
- The epidermis is the outer layer composed of stratified squamous epithelium.
- The dermis is the middle layer, composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers, and houses hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and blood vessels.
- The subcutaneous layer is the deepest layer composed of fat cells called lipocytes.
Epidermis
- The epidermis has no blood supply or connective tissue and relies on deeper layers for nourishment.
- The deepest layer of the epidermis is the basal layer, where cells continuously grow and push older cells towards the surface.
- Melanocytes are special cells in the basal layer that produce melanin, a black pigment responsible for skin color and protection against ultraviolet rays.
Dermis
- Also known as corium or "true skin".
- It is a living tissue with good blood supply.
Subcutaneous Layer
- Also known as hypodermis.
- Provides protection for deeper tissues and acts as insulation.
Skin Appendages
- Located within the dermis and include hair, nails, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
- They help maintain the body's homeostasis.
Hair
- Consists of a hair follicle, a root, a shaft, and an arrector pili muscle.
Nails
- Grow from the nail root.
- The cuticle covers the nail root, and the free edge is the exposed edge.
Sebaceous Glands
- Open into hair follicles and secrete sebum (oil) which lubricates hair and skin to prevent drying and cracking.
Sweat Glands
- Also called sudoriferous glands.
- These coiled glands in the dermis secrete sweat through a sweat duct and sweat pore.
Word Building
-
cutane/o & derm/o:
- Subcutaneous: pertaining to under the skin
- Epidermal: pertaining to upon the skin
- Hypodermic: pertaining to under the skin
- Intradermal: pertaining to within the skin
-
dermat/o:
- Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin
- Dermatologist: skin specialist
- Dermatosis: abnormal skin condition
- Dermatopathy: skin disease
- Dermatoplasty: surgical repair of the skin
-
melan/o & necr/o:
- Melanoma: black tumor
- Melanocyte: black cell
-
onych/o and py/o:
- Onychectomy: surgical removal of the nail
- Onychomalacia: nail softening
- Onychomycosis: fungus in the nails
- Onychophagia: nail eating (nail biting)
-
-derma:
- Erythroderma: red skin
- Ichthyoderma: scaly, dry skin
- Leukoderma: white skin
- Pyoderma: pus skin
- Scleroderma: hard skin
- Xeroderma: dry skin
Combining Forms
- adip(o): fatty
- dermat(o): skin
- hidr(o): sweat, sweat glands
- kerat(o): horny tissue
- lip(o): fatty
- melan(o): black, very dark
- myc(o): fungus
- onych(o): nail
- pil(o): hair
- seb(o): sebum
- steat(o): fat
- trich(o): hair
Integumentary System
- The organs of the Integumentary system include the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
- The integumentary system covers the entire surface of the body.
-
Functions of Integumentary System:
- Acts as a two-way protective barrier, protecting against infections.
- Contains nerve receptors.
- Secretes fluids.
- Regulates temperature.
Skin
- Skin has three layers:
- Epidermis - Thin, outer membrane layer, composed of squamous epithelial cells.
- Dermis - Middle, fibrous connective tissue layer.
- Subcutaneous layer - Innermost layer of fatty tissue.
- The epidermis has no blood supply or connective tissue and depends on the deeper layers of the skin for nourishment.
- The deepest layer of the epidermis is the basal layer.
Basal Layer of Epidermis
- Cells in the basal layer continuously grow and push older cells toward the surface.
- During this process, cells shrink, die, and become filled with keratin.
- Melanocytes are special cells found in the basal layer.
- They produce melanin, a black pigment that gives skin its color and protects against ultraviolet rays of the sun.
Dermis
- Also called corium.
- Located between the epidermis and the subcutaneous layer.
- Considered “true skin” as it is living tissue with a good blood supply.
- Composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers, which provide the dermis with flexible strength.
- Contains:
- hair follicles
- sweat glands
- sebaceous glands
- blood vessels
Subcutaneous Layer
- Also called the hypodermis, this is the third and deepest layer of skin.
- Made up of fat cells called lipocytes.
- Protects the deeper tissues of the body.
- Acts as insulation for heat and cold.
Skin Appendages
- Appendages come from the epidermis and help maintain the body’s homeostasis.
- Includes:
- Cutaneous glands:
- Sebaceous glands
- Sweat glands
- Hair
- Hair follicles
- Nails
- Cutaneous glands:
Hair
- Contains:
- Hair follicle
- Hair root
- Hair shaft
- Arrector pili muscle
Nails
- Grow longer from the nail root.
- Have a cuticle, which is the soft tissue that covers the nail root.
- The free edge is the exposed edge of the nail.
Sebaceous glands:
- Open into hair follicles.
- Secrete sebum, which lubricates hair and skin, preventing drying and cracking.
Sweat glands
- Also called sudoriferous glands, they are coiled glands located in the dermis.
- Sweat travels to the surface through a sweat duct.
- The sweat pore is the surface opening.
Word Building with prefixes:
- sub- -ous (subcutaneous): pertaining to under the skin
- epi- -al (epidermal): pertaining to the surface of the skin
- hypo- -ic (hypodermic): pertaining to under the skin
- intra- -al (intradermal): pertaining to within the skin
Word Building with dermat/o
- -itis (dermatitis): inflammation of the skin
- -logist (dermatologist): skin specialist
- -osis (dermatosis): abnormal skin condition
- -pathy (dermatopathy): skin disease
- -plasty (dermatoplasty): surgical repair of the skin
Word Building with melan/o and necr/o
- -oma (melanoma): black tumor
- -cyte (melanocyte): black cell
Word Building with onych/o and py/o
- -ectomy (onychectomy): surgical removal of the nail
- -malacia (onychomalacia): nail softening
- myc/o -osis (onychomycosis): fungal infection of the nail
- -phagia (onychophagia): nail eating (nail biting)
Word Building with -derma
- erythr/o (erythroderma): red skin
- ichthy/o (ichthyoderma): scaly, dry skin
- leuk/o (leukoderma): white skin
- py/o (pyoderma): pus skin
- scler/o (scleroderma): hard skin
- xer/o (xeroderma): dry skin
Combining forms:
- adip(o): fatty
- dermat(o): skin
- hidr(o): sweat, sweat glands
- kerat(o): horny tissue
- lip(o): fatty
- melan(o): black, very dark
- myc(o): fungus
- onych(o): nail
- pil(o): hair
- seb(o): sebum
- steat(o): fat
- trich(o): hair
Integumentary System
- The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the body, covering the entire surface.
- It consists of skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
- The integumentary system acts as a protective barrier against infection, houses nerve receptors, secretes fluids, and regulates body temperature.
Skin
- The skin is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
-
Epidermis:
- The outermost layer of the skin
- Composed of stratified squamous epithelium (flat, scale-like cells arranged in overlapping layers called strata).
- Avascular, meaning it doesn't contain blood vessels, and relies on the dermis for nourishment.
- The deepest layer of the epidermis is the basal layer.
-
Dermis:
- Also known as the corium or "true skin".
- Located between the epidermis and subcutaneous layer.
- Composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers, providing flexible strength.
- Contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and blood vessels.
-
Subcutaneous layer:
- Also known as the hypodermis.
- Composed of fat cells called lipocytes.
- The deepest layer of skin.
- Protects deeper tissues and acts as insulation.
Skin Appendages
- Skin appendages are structures derived from the epidermis that contribute to homeostasis.
-
Hair:
- Consists of a hair follicle, hair root, hair shaft, and arrector pili muscle.
-
Nails:
- Grow from the nail root.
- The cuticle covers the nail root.
- The exposed edge of the nail is the free edge.
-
Sebaceous glands:
- Open into hair follicles.
- Secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates hair and skin, preventing drying and cracking.
-
Sweat glands:
- Also known as sudoriferous glands.
- Coiled glands located in the dermis.
- Sweat travels to the surface through sweat ducts, exiting through sweat pores.
Word Building
-
Combining forms:
- cutane/o (skin)
- derm/o (skin)
- adip(o) (fatty)
- hidr(o) (sweat, sweat glands)
- kerat(o) (horny tissue)
- lip(o) (fatty)
- melan(o) (black, very dark)
- myc(o) (fungus)
- onych(o) (nail)
- pil(o) (hair)
- seb(o) (sebum)
- steat(o) (fat)
- trich(o) (hair)
-
Suffixes:
- -itis (inflammation)
- -logist (specialist)
- -osis (abnormal condition)
- -pathy (disease)
- -plasty (surgical repair)
- -ectomy (surgical removal)
- -malacia (softening)
- -phagia (eating)
- -derma (skin)
Word Building Examples
- Subcutaneous (pertaining to under the skin)
- Epidermal (pertaining to upon the skin)
- Hypodermic (pertaining to under the skin)
- Intradermal (pertaining to within the skin)
- Dermatitis (inflammation of the skin)
- Dermatologist (skin specialist)
- Dermatosis (abnormal skin condition)
- Dermatopathy (skin disease)
- Dermatoplasty (surgical repair of the skin)
- Melanoma (black tumor)
- Melanocyte (black cell)
- Onychectomy (surgical removal of the nail)
- Onychomalacia (nail softening)
- Onychomycosis (fungal infection of the nail)
- Onychophagia (nail biting)
- Erythroderma (red skin)
- Ichthyoderma (scaly, dry skin)
- Leukoderma (white skin)
- Pyoderma (pus skin)
- Scleroderma (hard skin)
- Xeroderma (dry skin)
Integumentary System
- The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the body and it encompasses the skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
- The primary function of the integumentary system is to protect the body from infection, house nerve receptors, secrete fluids, and regulate temperature.
Layers of Skin
- The skin has three layers, each with unique characteristics:
- Epidermis: The outermost layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium. It lacks blood supply and depends on the dermis for nourishment. The deepest layer of the epidermis is the basal layer, which contains melanocytes.
- Dermis: The middle layer, known as the "true skin," is a living tissue with a rich blood supply. It is composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers, giving it flexible strength. The dermis harbors hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands and blood vessels.
- Subcutaneous layer: The innermost layer, composed of fat cells called lipocytes, which insulate the body from heat and cold and protect the deeper tissue from injury.
Skin Appendages
- Located within the dermis are accessory structures called skin appendages:
- Hair: Composed of the hair follicle, hair root, and hair shaft. The arrector pili muscle is attached to the hair follicle, causing hair to stand up in response to cold or fear.
- Nails: Grow from the nail root and are covered by the cuticle. The free edge refers to the exposed portion of the nail.
- Sebaceous glands: Secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates hair and skin.
- Sweat glands: Also known as sudoriferous glands. They secrete sweat to regulate temperature. The sweat travels to the surface through a sweat duct and exits through a sweat pore.
Word Building
-
Cutaneous (relating to skin):
- Subcutaneous - Pertaining to under the skin
- Epidermal - Pertaining to upon the skin
- Hypodermic - Pertaining to under the skin
- Intradermal - Pertaining to within the skin
-
Dermat/o (skin):
- Dermatitis - Inflammation of the skin
- Dermatologist - Skin specialist
- Dermatosis - Abnormal skin condition
- Dermatopathy - Skin disease
- Dermatoplasty - Surgical repair of the skin
-
Melan/o (black):
- Melanoma - Black tumor
- Melanocyte - Black cell
-
Necr/o (dead):
- Necrosis - Death of tissue
-
Onych/o (nail):
- Onychectomy - Surgical removal of a nail
- Onychomalacia - Nail softening
- Onychomycosis - Fungal infection of a nail
- Onychophagia - Nail eating (nail biting)
-
Py/o (pus):
- Pyoderma - Pus skin
-
Combining Forms:
- Adip(o) - Fatty
- Dermat(o) - Skin
- Hidr(o) - Sweat, sweat glands
- Kerat(o) - Horny tissue
- Lip(o) - Fatty
- Melan(o) - Black
- Myc(o) - Fungus
- Onych(o) - Nail
- Pil(o) - Hair
- Seb(o) - Sebum
- Steat(o) - Fat
- Trich(o) - Hair
Organs of the Integumentary System
- Organs include skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands
Functions of the Integumentary System
- Protects against infection
- Houses nerve receptors
- Secretes fluids
- Regulates temperature
The Skin
- Three layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer
Epidermis
- Composed of stratified squamous epithelium
- Has no blood supply or connective tissue
- Basal layer is the deepest layer
Basal Layer of Epidermis
- Cells continuously grow and push old cells towards surface
- Cells shrink, die, and fill with keratin
- Melanocytes produce melanin, which gives the skin color and protects against UV rays
Dermis
- Also called corium
- Located between epidermis and subcutaneous layer
- Living tissue with good blood supply
- Composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers
- Houses hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and blood vessels
Subcutaneous Layer
- Also called hypodermis
- Deepest layer
- Composed of fat cells called lipocytes
- Protects deeper tissues
- Acts as insulation for heat and cold
Skin Appendages
- Come from the epidermis
- Help maintain body's homeostasis
- Include sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, hair follicles, and nails
Hair
- Hair follicle is the structure that surrounds the hair root
- Hair root is the part of the hair that is embedded in the skin
- Hair shaft is the visible part of the hair
- Arrector pili muscle is responsible for making hair stand on end
Nails
- Grow longer from the nail root
- Cuticle is the soft tissue that covers the nail root
- Free edge is the exposed edge
Sebaceous Glands
- Open into hair follicles
- Secrete sebum, which lubricates hair and skin and prevents drying and cracking
Sweat Glands
- Also called sudoriferous glands
- Coiled gland in dermis
- Sweat travels to surface in sweat duct
- Sweat pore is the surface opening
Word Building
- Subcutaneous - pertaining to under the skin
- Epidermal - pertaining to upon skin
- Hypodermic - pertaining to under the skin
- Intradermal - pertaining to within the skin
- Dermatitis - inflammation of the skin
- Dermatologist - skin specialist
- Dermatosis - abnormal skin condition
- Dermatopathy - skin disease
- Dermatoplasty - surgical repair of skin
- Melanoma - black tumor
- Melanocyte - black cell
- Onychectomy - surgical removal of nail
- Onychomalacia - nail softening
- Onychomycosis - fungal infection of the nail
- Onychophagia - nail eating (nail biting)
- Erythroderma - red skin
- Ichthyoderma - scaly, dry skin
- Leukoderma - white skin
- Pyoderma - pus skin
- Scleroderma - hard skin
- Xeroderma - dry skin
Combining Forms
- Adip(o) - fatty
- Dermat(o) - skin
- Hidr(o) - sweat, sweat glands
- Kerat(o) - horny tissue
- Lip(o) - fatty
- Melan(o) - black, very dark
- Myc(o) - fungus
- Onych(o) - nail
- Pil(o) - hair
- Seb(o) - sebum
- Steat(o) - fat
- Trich(o) - hair
Integumentary System
- The integumentary system is the largest organ system in the body, it encompasses skin, hair, nails, sebaceous glands, and sweat glands.
- It serves as a protective barrier, houses nerve receptors, secretes fluids, and regulates body temperature.
Skin Layers
- The skin is composed of three layers: epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer.
- The epidermis is the outermost layer, composed of stratified squamous epithelium, which features flat, scale-like cells arranged in layers called strata.
- The epidermis lacks blood supply and relies on deeper layers for nourishment.
- The basal layer, the deepest layer of the epidermis, continuously produces cells that push older ones toward the surface.
Basal Layer
- The basal layer houses melanocytes, which produce melanin, a black pigment that gives skin its color and protects against ultraviolet rays.
- As cells move toward the surface, they shrink, die, and fill with keratin, a hard protein that allows the skin to act as a barrier to infection.
Dermis
- The dermis, also known as the corium, lies between the epidermis and subcutaneous layer.
- It is the "true skin" composed of connective tissue and collagen fibers, providing flexible strength.
- The dermis contains hair follicles, sweat glands, sebaceous glands, and blood vessels.
Subcutaneous Layer
- The subcutaneous layer, also referred to as the hypodermis, is the deepest layer of the skin.
- Composed of fat cells (lipocytes), this layer protects deeper tissues and insulates the body.
Skin Appendages
- Skin appendages originate from the epidermis and contribute to maintaining the body's homeostasis.
- They include: sebaceous glands, sweat glands, hair, hair follicles, and nails.
Hair
- Hair consists of a hair follicle, hair root, hair shaft, and arrector pili muscle.
Nails
- Nails grow from the nail root and feature a cuticle that covers the nail root and a free edge that is the exposed portion.
Sebaceous Glands
- Sebaceous glands open into hair follicles and secrete sebum, an oily substance that lubricates hair and skin, preventing drying and cracking.
Sweat Glands
- Sweat glands, also called sudoriferous glands, are coiled glands found in the dermis.
- Sweat travels to the surface through a sweat duct, exiting through a sweat pore.
Word Building
-
Cutane/o and derm/o relate to skin:
- Subcutaneous: beneath the skin
- Epidermal: pertaining to the top layer of skin
- Hypodermic: relating to the layer below the skin
- Intradermal: within the skin
-
Dermat/o refers to skin:
- Dermatitis: inflammation of the skin
- Dermatologist: skin specialist
- Dermatosis: abnormal skin condition
- Dermatopathy: skin disease
- Dermatoplasty: surgical repair of the skin
-
Melan/o and necr/o relate to black and death respectively:
- Melanoma: black tumor
- Melanocyte: black cell
-
Onych/o and py/o relate to nails and pus respectively:
- Onychectomy: surgical removal of a nail
- Onychomalacia: nail softening
- Onychomycosis: fungal infection of the nail
- Onychophagia: nail biting
-
-derma combines with color terms:
- Erythroderma: red skin
- Ichthyoderma: scaly, dry skin
- Leukoderma: white skin
- Pyoderma: pus in the skin (usually bacterial infection)
- Scleroderma: hard skin
- Xeroderma: dry skin
Combining forms
- adip(o): fatty
- dermat(o): skin
- hidr(o): sweat, sweat glands
- kerat(o): horny tissue
- lip(o): fatty
- melan(o): black, very dark
- myc(o): fungus
- onych(o): nail
- pil(o): hair
- seb(o): sebum
- steat(o): fat
- trich(o): hair
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Description
Explore the components and functions of the integumentary system, including skin, hair, and nails. This quiz covers the layers of skin and their roles in protection, sensation, and temperature regulation.
