Integumentary System Functions and Structure
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Questions and Answers

What primarily occurs during the keratinization process in the skin?

  • Cells actively absorb moisture.
  • Cells undergo mitotic divisions.
  • Cells die and form a hard outer layer. (correct)
  • Cells become filled with collagen.

    • What is the primary function of sensory receptors in the integumentary system?

  • To produce vitamin D.
  • To detect different environmental stimuli. (correct)
  • To regulate temperature.
  • To prevent dehydration.

    • Which layer of the skin is described as the deepest and consists of cells that undergo mitotic divisions?

  • Stratum basale (correct)
  • Stratum spinosum
  • Stratum corneum
  • Dermis

    • Which skin layer is described as having 8-10 layers and appears covered with thorn-like spikes?

    <p>Stratum spinosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does ultraviolet light play in skin physiology?

    <p>It triggers vitamin D production.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do dermal papillae do in relation to the epidermis?

    <p>They form projections toward the epidermis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a key benefit of the hard layer of dead cells formed during keratinization?

    <p>It resists abrasion.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following stem cell types is found in the stratum basale?

    <p>Squamous cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What substance do sebaceous glands produce?

    <p>Oily substance rich in lipids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of gland releases sweat primarily composed of water?

    <p>Eccrine sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of sebaceous glands?

    <p>Lubricate and protect skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where are hair follicles found?

    <p>All over the skin except specific areas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the body has the highest acceptable percentage of body fat?

    <p>Females (21% - 30%)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary makeup of the secretion produced by eccrine sweat glands?

    <p>Mostly water with some salts</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the hypodermis primarily composed of?

    <p>Loose connective tissue including adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do sebaceous glands release their secretion?

    <p>Holocrine secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of the dermal papillae?

    <p>They provide surface area for exchange between the epidermis and dermis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layer of the epidermis is primarily responsible for mitosis?

    <p>Stratum basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which process describes the changes skin cells undergo as they move from deeper layers to the surface?

    <p>Keratinization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which epidermal stratum is immediately above the stratum granulosum?

    <p>Stratum lucidium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the primary protective functions of the skin's epidermis?

    <p>Preventing water loss.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is the outermost layer of the epidermis?

    <p>Stratum corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which layered structure helps promote the attachment between the dermis and the epidermis?

    <p>Dermal papillae</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What layer of the epidermis is primarily responsible for the formation of keratin?

    <p>Stratum granulosum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary function of sweat in relation to body temperature?

    <p>Promotes evaporative cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protective function of the integumentary system helps in reducing water loss?

    <p>Barrier against microorganisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the body respond when the temperature drops below normal?

    <p>Constricting blood vessels occurs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What role does melanin play in the integumentary system?

    <p>Absorbs UV light to protect underlying structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to blood vessels in the skin when the body becomes too hot?

    <p>Blood vessels dilate to promote cooling</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What physical mechanism does the integumentary system use to protect against abrasion?

    <p>Thickening of dermal layers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which statement accurately describes the relationship between skin temperature and blood flow?

    <p>Lower skin temperature results from reduced blood flow</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does hair have in the integumentary system?

    <p>Offers physical protection against external elements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What can happen to melanoma if left untreated?

    <p>It can invade the dermis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of bacteria is primarily associated with acne?

    <p>Propionibacterium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following describes the appearance of melanoma?

    <p>Large, flat, spreading lesions or deeply pigmented nodules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does aging affect the skin's blood flow?

    <p>Blood flow decreases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common manifestation of eczema?

    <p>Dry, itchy patches of skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does decreased collagen have on the skin as it ages?

    <p>Causes skin to sag and wrinkle</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is commonly associated with severe eczema?

    <p>Bleeding</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which gland activity decreases with aging, affecting temperature regulation?

    <p>Sebaceous and sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Integumentary System Functions

    • The integumentary system (skin) provides multiple protective functions:
      • Protection against abrasion and ultraviolet light.
      • Prevention of microorganisms from entering the body.
      • Reduces water loss, preventing dehydration.
    • Sensory receptors in the skin detect heat, cold, touch, pressure, and pain.
    • The skin produces a molecule that can be transformed into vitamin D when exposed to ultraviolet light, which is important for calcium homeostasis.
    • Temperature regulation: The skin plays a critical role in maintaining body temperature.
      • Constriction of dermal blood vessels reduces heat loss when the body is cold.
      • Dilation of blood vessels and sweating helps cool the body down when it is hot.

    Skin Structure

    • The skin is made of two main layers:
      • Epidermis:
        • The outermost layer, composed of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
        • Prevents water loss and resists abrasion.
        • Keratinization is the process where cells become filled with the protein keratin, making them hard and forming a permeability barrier.
        • Consists of five layers, from deep to superficial:
          • Stratum basale: The deepest layer where mitotic cell division occurs.
          • Stratum spinosum: Consists of 8-10 layers of cells that appear to have thorn-like spikes.
          • Stratum granulosum: A layer of cells that produce keratin granules.
          • Stratum lucidum: A clear layer found only in thick skin (palms and soles).
          • Stratum corneum: The outermost, dead layer of cells that forms a barrier against abrasion and prevents water loss.
      • Dermis:
        • The deeper layer of skin, made of dense connective tissue.
        • Contains blood vessels, nerves, hair follicles, sweat glands, and sebaceous glands.
        • Dermal papillae are projections that extend into the epidermis.
        • Hypodermis: A layer of loose connective tissue and adipose tissue, containing about half of the body’s stored lipids. It attaches the skin to underlying bone and muscle.

    Skin Appendages

    • Hair:
      • Hair follicles are invaginations of the epidermis that extend into the dermis.
      • The hair shaft protrudes above the skin's surface.
    • Sebaceous glands:
      • Secrete oil (sebum).
      • Simple, branched acinar glands connected to hair follicles.
      • Sebum lubricates hair and skin, preventing drying and protecting against bacteria.
    • Eccrine sweat glands:
      • Secrete water-based sweat.
      • Simple, coiled, tubular glands found almost everywhere on the skin, most numerous in palms and soles.
      • They release sweat by merocrine secretion.

    Skin Diseases

    • Eczema:
      • An allergic reaction that manifests as dry, itchy patches of skin resembling rashes.
      • Can be accompanied by swelling, flaking, and, in severe cases, bleeding.
      • Often associated with dust mite allergies.
    • Acne:
      • Results from infection by acne-causing bacteria (Propionibacterium and Staphylococcus).
      • Can lead to redness and potential scarring.
    • Malignant melanoma:
      • A rare form of skin cancer arising from melanocytes.
      • Can appear as a large, flat lesion or a deeply pigmented nodule.
      • Can be life-threatening if left untreated.

    Aging and the Integument

    • Decreased blood flow and skin thinning: Due to a decrease in collagen production.
    • Decreased activity of sebaceous and sweat glands: Makes temperature regulation more difficult.
    • Loss of elastic fibers: Causes sagging and wrinkles.

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    Related Documents

    Integumentary System Anatomy and Physiology Lecture Notes PDF

    Description

    Explore the essential functions and structure of the integumentary system in this quiz. Understand how the skin protects the body, regulates temperature, and plays a role in vitamin D production. Test your knowledge on the layers of the skin and their significance.

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