Questions and Answers
What are the general functions of the skin and integumentary system?
Protection, Regulation of Body Temperature, Communication, Excretion of Wastes, Vitamin D Production
What is the major organ of the integumentary system?
Skin
____ membranes are found lining the nasal cavity, the oral cavity, respiratory tracts and digestive tracts.
Mucous Membranes
Pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal membranes are all examples of ____.
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What is the difference between serous and mucous membranes?
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____ membranes form the inner linings of joints.
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What is another name for cutaneous membrane?
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The skin consists of what two layers?
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The deeper layer of skin is known as the ___.
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____ is the superficial layer of skin.
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What is the subcutaneous layer?
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What is another name for the subcutaneous layer?
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List the layers of the epidermis starting from the most superficial layer.
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Which layer of the epidermis contains the youngest cells?
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Which layer of the epidermis contains the only cells capable of cellular division?
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Which layer of the epidermis is only found in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet?
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Which layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes?
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What are melanocytes?
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What is the function of melanin?
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Which layer of the epidermis consists of only dead cells that have been replaced by keratin?
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What is the function of the epidermis?
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Why do cells of the epidermis die as they are pushed closer to the surface?
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Which layer of skin contains blood vessels?
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What type of tissue makes up the dermis?
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How is the cellular division of the epidermis related to the amount of pressure the cells receive?
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What are four items that affect the color of an individuals skin?
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What is the function of the hypodermis?
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What is the function of keratin?
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What accessory organ is responsible for producing goose flesh?
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Which accessory organ secretes sebum?
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What is the function of sebum?
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What is another word for sebum?
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What is hair made of?
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Which layer of skin houses accessory organs?
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The active growing part of the hair is the ____
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____ is a tube-like depression in which the hair grows.
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____ are accessory organs that respond to elevated body temperatures.
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Which gland is usually associated with hair follicles?
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____ is the portion of hair that extends away from the surface of the skin.
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What causes hair color?
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____ are protective coverings on the tips of the fingers and toes.
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Which sweat glands respond to body temperature?
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Which sweat glands function throughout an individual's entire life?
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Which sweat glands secrete a watery sweat?
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Which sweat glands are widely distributed all over the body?
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Which sweat glands respond to fear or stress?
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Which sweat glands start functioning after puberty?
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Which sweat glands secrete an oily sweat?
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Which sweat glands secrete a sweat that bacteria like to metabolize and produce strong odors?
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Which sweat glands are most numerous in the armpit and groin?
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Which receptor in the skin responds to pressure?
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Which receptor in the skin detects fine touch?
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How does the skin regulate body temperature when the body is too hot?
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How does the skin regulate body temperature when the body is too cold?
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How does the skin protect the body?
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How does the skin regulate body temperature?
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What stimuli is detected by the skin and communicated to the brain?
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How does the skin secrete metabolic wastes?
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When does the skin produce Vitamin D?
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What causes most skin cancers?
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Why are light-skinned people more likely to develop skin cancer?
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Skin cancer that arises from the melanocytes is called ___.
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Study Notes
General Functions of the Integumentary System
- Provides protection against external threats.
- Regulates body temperature through blood flow and sweat.
- Enables communication via sensory receptors.
- Excretes waste products through sweat glands.
- Produces Vitamin D upon UV exposure.
Major Organ
- The primary organ of the integumentary system is the skin.
Types of Membranes
- Mucous membranes line the nasal cavity, oral cavity, respiratory tracts, and digestive tracts.
- Serous membranes include pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal membranes.
- The key difference: serous membranes secrete a watery fluid, while mucous membranes produce thicker secretions.
- Synovial membranes are found as inner linings of joints.
Skin Structure
- The skin is composed of two main layers: the epidermis (superficial) and the dermis (deeper).
- The hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) contains adipose tissue and connects skin to underlying structures.
Epidermis Layers
- Layers from most superficial to deepest: Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale.
- Stratum Basale contains the youngest cells and those capable of cellular division.
- Stratum Lucidum is specific to palms and soles, while melanocytes are located in the Stratum Basale.
Melanocytes and Melanin
- Melanocytes are dark cells secreting melanin, which absorbs UV light, protecting against sunburn.
Dermis
- The dermis contains blood vessels and is constructed mainly of connective tissue.
- Cellular division in the epidermis increases with external pressure.
Factors Affecting Skin Color
- Skin color is influenced by melanin levels, diet, chemicals, and blood vessel activity.
- The hypodermis provides insulation and cushioning.
Keratin's Role
- Keratin prevents moisture loss in underlying structures.
Accessory Organs
- Goosebumps result from the contraction of arrector pili muscles.
- Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily substance that moisturizes the skin.
Hair and Nails
- Hair consists of dead epithelial cells; follicles are tube-like depressions for hair growth.
- Nails protect the tips of fingers and toes.
Sweat Glands
- Eccrine sweat glands respond mainly to temperature, producing watery sweat throughout life.
- Apocrine sweat glands, triggered by stress or fear, function post-puberty, secreting oily sweat that can lead to body odor.
Skin Receptors
- Skin contains Pacinian corpuscles (pressure detection) and Meissner's corpuscles (fine touch detection).
Temperature Regulation
- Body temperature regulation occurs via vasodilation (cooling) and vasoconstriction (heating), along with sweating or shivering.
Skin Protection and Function
- Acts as a barrier to fluid loss, physical injuries, UV radiation, and microbial invasion.
- Metabolic wastes are eliminated through sweat glands.
- Vitamin D synthesis occurs when skin is exposed to UV radiation, a key factor in calcium metabolism.
Skin Cancer
- Major cause of skin cancer is UV radiation from sun or tanning beds.
- Light-skinned individuals are at higher risk due to lower melanin production.
- Cutaneous melanoma originates from melanocytes.
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Description
Test your knowledge about the integumentary system with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 6. Learn about the general functions of the skin, the major organs involved, and the types of membranes associated with the system. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this crucial part of human anatomy.