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Integumentary System Chapter 6 Flashcards
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Integumentary System Chapter 6 Flashcards

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Questions and Answers

What are the general functions of the skin and integumentary system?

Protection, Regulation of Body Temperature, Communication, Excretion of Wastes, Vitamin D Production

What is the major organ of the integumentary system?

Skin

____ membranes are found lining the nasal cavity, the oral cavity, respiratory tracts and digestive tracts.

Mucous Membranes

Pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal membranes are all examples of ____.

<p>Serous Membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the difference between serous and mucous membranes?

<p>Serous membranes secrete a watery fluid, while mucous membranes secrete a thicker, stickier fluid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ membranes form the inner linings of joints.

<p>Synovial Membranes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for cutaneous membrane?

<p>The Skin</p> Signup and view all the answers

The skin consists of what two layers?

<p>Epidermis and Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The deeper layer of skin is known as the ___.

<p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ is the superficial layer of skin.

<p>Epidermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the subcutaneous layer?

<p>Layer of connective tissue (adipose and LCT) that binds the skin to underlying structures.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another name for the subcutaneous layer?

<p>Hypodermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the layers of the epidermis starting from the most superficial layer.

<p>Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the epidermis contains the youngest cells?

<p>Stratum Basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the epidermis contains the only cells capable of cellular division?

<p>Stratum Basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the epidermis is only found in the palms of the hands and the soles of the feet?

<p>Stratum Lucidum</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the epidermis contains melanocytes?

<p>Stratum Basale</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are melanocytes?

<p>Dark cells which secrete a dark pigment called melanin</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of melanin?

<p>To absorb ultraviolet light and protect us from sunburns.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of the epidermis consists of only dead cells that have been replaced by keratin?

<p>Stratum Corneum</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the epidermis?

<p>Waterproofing and Protection</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why do cells of the epidermis die as they are pushed closer to the surface?

<p>The cells get farther and farther away from their blood supply.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of skin contains blood vessels?

<p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of tissue makes up the dermis?

<p>Connective Tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is the cellular division of the epidermis related to the amount of pressure the cells receive?

<p>More pressure equals higher rate of cellular division.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are four items that affect the color of an individuals skin?

<p>Melanin, Diet, Chemicals, Blood Vessels</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the hypodermis?

<p>Insulation, Cushion, and Connecting the skin to underlying structures</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of keratin?

<p>Prevents underlying structures from drying out.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What accessory organ is responsible for producing goose flesh?

<p>Contraction of arrector pili muscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which accessory organ secretes sebum?

<p>Sebaceous Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of sebum?

<p>To moisturize the skin and keep the skin soft and pliable.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is another word for sebum?

<p>Oil</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is hair made of?

<p>Dead epithelial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which layer of skin houses accessory organs?

<p>Dermis</p> Signup and view all the answers

The active growing part of the hair is the ____

<p>Root</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ is a tube-like depression in which the hair grows.

<p>Hair follicle</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ are accessory organs that respond to elevated body temperatures.

<p>Sweat glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which gland is usually associated with hair follicles?

<p>Sebaceous Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ is the portion of hair that extends away from the surface of the skin.

<p>Shaft</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes hair color?

<p>Melanin and Trichosiderin (red)</p> Signup and view all the answers

____ are protective coverings on the tips of the fingers and toes.

<p>Nails</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sweat glands respond to body temperature?

<p>Eccrine Sweat Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sweat glands function throughout an individual's entire life?

<p>Eccrine Sweat Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sweat glands secrete a watery sweat?

<p>Eccrine Sweat Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sweat glands are widely distributed all over the body?

<p>Eccrine Sweat Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sweat glands respond to fear or stress?

<p>Apocrine Sweat Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sweat glands start functioning after puberty?

<p>Apocrine Sweat Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sweat glands secrete an oily sweat?

<p>Apocrine Sweat Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sweat glands secrete a sweat that bacteria like to metabolize and produce strong odors?

<p>Apocrine Sweat Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sweat glands are most numerous in the armpit and groin?

<p>Apocrine Sweat Glands</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor in the skin responds to pressure?

<p>Pacinian Corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which receptor in the skin detects fine touch?

<p>Meissner's Corpuscles</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin regulate body temperature when the body is too hot?

<p>Dilation of dermal blood vessels and sweating.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin regulate body temperature when the body is too cold?

<p>Constriction of dermal blood vessels and arrector pili muscle contraction.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin protect the body?

<p>Prevents loss of body fluids, protects against physical damage and UV radiation, protects against invasion of microorganisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin regulate body temperature?

<p>Insulation (hypodermis), constriction or dilation of dermal blood vessels, sweating or shivering.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stimuli is detected by the skin and communicated to the brain?

<p>Temperature, Touch, Pain</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does the skin secrete metabolic wastes?

<p>Sweat glands release small amounts of metabolic wastes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

When does the skin produce Vitamin D?

<p>When exposed to UV radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What causes most skin cancers?

<p>UV radiation from the sun or tanning beds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Why are light-skinned people more likely to develop skin cancer?

<p>They have less melanin to absorb UV radiation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Skin cancer that arises from the melanocytes is called ___.

<p>Cutaneous melanoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

General Functions of the Integumentary System

  • Provides protection against external threats.
  • Regulates body temperature through blood flow and sweat.
  • Enables communication via sensory receptors.
  • Excretes waste products through sweat glands.
  • Produces Vitamin D upon UV exposure.

Major Organ

  • The primary organ of the integumentary system is the skin.

Types of Membranes

  • Mucous membranes line the nasal cavity, oral cavity, respiratory tracts, and digestive tracts.
  • Serous membranes include pericardial, pleural, and peritoneal membranes.
  • The key difference: serous membranes secrete a watery fluid, while mucous membranes produce thicker secretions.
  • Synovial membranes are found as inner linings of joints.

Skin Structure

  • The skin is composed of two main layers: the epidermis (superficial) and the dermis (deeper).
  • The hypodermis (subcutaneous layer) contains adipose tissue and connects skin to underlying structures.

Epidermis Layers

  • Layers from most superficial to deepest: Stratum Corneum, Stratum Lucidum, Stratum Granulosum, Stratum Spinosum, Stratum Basale.
  • Stratum Basale contains the youngest cells and those capable of cellular division.
  • Stratum Lucidum is specific to palms and soles, while melanocytes are located in the Stratum Basale.

Melanocytes and Melanin

  • Melanocytes are dark cells secreting melanin, which absorbs UV light, protecting against sunburn.

Dermis

  • The dermis contains blood vessels and is constructed mainly of connective tissue.
  • Cellular division in the epidermis increases with external pressure.

Factors Affecting Skin Color

  • Skin color is influenced by melanin levels, diet, chemicals, and blood vessel activity.
  • The hypodermis provides insulation and cushioning.

Keratin's Role

  • Keratin prevents moisture loss in underlying structures.

Accessory Organs

  • Goosebumps result from the contraction of arrector pili muscles.
  • Sebaceous glands secrete sebum, an oily substance that moisturizes the skin.

Hair and Nails

  • Hair consists of dead epithelial cells; follicles are tube-like depressions for hair growth.
  • Nails protect the tips of fingers and toes.

Sweat Glands

  • Eccrine sweat glands respond mainly to temperature, producing watery sweat throughout life.
  • Apocrine sweat glands, triggered by stress or fear, function post-puberty, secreting oily sweat that can lead to body odor.

Skin Receptors

  • Skin contains Pacinian corpuscles (pressure detection) and Meissner's corpuscles (fine touch detection).

Temperature Regulation

  • Body temperature regulation occurs via vasodilation (cooling) and vasoconstriction (heating), along with sweating or shivering.

Skin Protection and Function

  • Acts as a barrier to fluid loss, physical injuries, UV radiation, and microbial invasion.
  • Metabolic wastes are eliminated through sweat glands.
  • Vitamin D synthesis occurs when skin is exposed to UV radiation, a key factor in calcium metabolism.

Skin Cancer

  • Major cause of skin cancer is UV radiation from sun or tanning beds.
  • Light-skinned individuals are at higher risk due to lower melanin production.
  • Cutaneous melanoma originates from melanocytes.

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Test your knowledge about the integumentary system with these flashcards covering key concepts from Chapter 6. Learn about the general functions of the skin, the major organs involved, and the types of membranes associated with the system. Perfect for students looking to reinforce their understanding of this crucial part of human anatomy.

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