Questions and Answers
What does the integumentary system refer to?
the skin that covers the body.
Which of the following is NOT a function of the skin?
What are the main functions of the skin?
Protects the body, maintains temperature, eliminates waste, absorbs substances, helps produce vitamin D, and stores fat and other nutrients.
What is the outermost layer of the skin?
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What is the innermost layer of the skin?
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What pigment absorbs ultraviolet light to tan the skin?
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A person's basic skin color is inherited.
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What type of glands are sudoriferous glands?
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What type of glands produce sebum to keep skin and hair soft?
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In all cases where a person loses a fingernail or toenail, it will be missing permanently.
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What is the yellowish-red pigment that influences skin color?
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What are the types of skin eruptions?
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What color is erythema associated with?
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What color is jaundice associated with?
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What color is cyanosis associated with?
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Study Notes
Integumentary System Overview
- The integumentary system encompasses the skin, which serves as a protective layer covering the body.
Functions of Skin
- Protects against UV rays and pathogens.
- Maintains body temperature.
- Eliminates waste via perspiration.
- Contains nerves for touch sensation.
- Absorbs certain substances, including medications.
- Produces vitamin D using sunlight.
- Stores fat, glucose, water, vitamins, and salts temporarily.
Skin Layers
- Epidermis: Outermost layer with five sub-layers, containing no blood vessels or nerve cells. Cells are constantly shed and replaced.
- Dermis: Known as the "true skin," consists of elastic connective tissue, blood vessels, lymph vessels, nerves, and glands. Unique fingerprints arise from its ridges.
- Hypodermis: Innermost layer made of connective and fatty tissue, connecting skin to muscles and protecting organs.
Skin Pigments
- Melanin: Brownish-black pigment that contributes to skin color and absorbs UV light.
- Carotene: Yellowish-red pigment affecting skin tone.
- Basic skin color is genetically inherited.
Skin Glands
- Sudoriferous Glands: Sweat glands that regulate body temperature and excrete waste through skin pores.
- Sebaceous Glands: Oil glands that produce sebum to keep skin and hair soft and maintain a barrier against infections.
Hair and Nails
- Hair consists of two parts: the root (beneath the skin) and the shaft (visible part).
- Nails protect fingers and toes from damage.
Skin Conditions
- Albinos: Individuals with no pigment, resulting in light skin and hair.
- Abnormal skin colors can indicate diseases:
- Erythema: Red skin due to burns or blood vessel congestions.
- Jaundice: Yellow skin linked to liver conditions.
- Cyanosis: Bluish skin from low oxygen levels.
Skin Eruptions
- Common types include:
- Macule: Flat, discolored spot (e.g., freckle).
- Papule: Raised area less than 1 cm in diameter.
- Vesicle: Small fluid-filled blister.
- Pustule: Raised bump with pus.
- Crust: Dried drainage or blood on skin.
- Wheal: Raised, itchy area (hive).
- Ulcer: Open sore on the skin.
Temporary and Permanent Skin Changes
- Loss of nails may not be permanent; they typically regrow.
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Description
Test your knowledge of the integumentary system with these flashcards. Learn the key functions of the skin, its role in protection, temperature regulation, and sensation. Perfect for students studying anatomy and physiology.
