Integumentary System and Skin Structure

The body system that includes the skin and its accessory structures (hair, nails, glands), as well as blood vessels, muscles, and nerves.

The medical specialty that diagnoses and treats skin disorders.

The outer, thinner layer of the skin, consisting of epithelial tissue.

The inner, thicker layer of skin.

The layer below the dermis that connects the skin to underlying tissues and organs.

The skin is the body's largest organ.

The skin's thickness varies from 0.5mm to 4mm, thinnest on eyelids, thickest on heels, and averages around 1.25mm to 2mm.

The epidermis of thin skin has four main layers: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, and stratum corneum.

The epidermis of thick skin has an extra layer called the stratum lucidum, found only in areas like fingertips and palms.

The deepest, germinative layer of the epidermis where new skin cells are constantly created.

The outermost, dead layer of the epidermis made of flat, keratinized cells that are shed and replaced.

The primary type of cells in the epidermis, producing keratin, a tough protein that provides protection.

Cells in the epidermis that produce melanin, a pigment that protects the skin from UV radiation.

Immune cells in the epidermis that originate in bone marrow and help fight infection.

Cells in the epidermis that work with tactile discs to detect touch sensations.

Constant friction on the skin stimulates the formation of a callus, a thickened area of the stratum corneum.

The process of accumulating keratin, a tough protein, in skin cells as they move from the deepest layer to the surface.

A layer of the epidermis containing cells that produce keratin and other proteins, responsible for toughening the skin.

Small organelles within keratinocytes that release lipids, forming a waterproof barrier in the skin.

Excess shedding of keratinized cells from the scalp, appearing as white flakes.

A dark brown pigment produced by melanocytes, providing skin color and protecting from UV radiation.

A type of melanin that produces darker pigments, contributing to darker skin tones.

The color of our skin, determined by the type and amount of melanin produced by melanocytes.

No, the number of melanocytes varies slightly across individuals, but the amount of melanin produced by each melanocyte is the primary factor in skin color.

The amount of melanin produced by each melanocyte is the primary factor determining skin color, not the number of melanocytes.

The study of the patterns of epidermal ridges, which are the raised lines on the surface of your skin, especially on your fingertips.

The color of our skin is determined by the amount of melanin, carotene, and hemoglobin present.

A benign overgrowth of melanocytes, often appearing as a small, dark spot on the skin.

An inherited condition characterized by the inability to produce melanin.

The layer of fat and connective tissue beneath the dermis that attaches the skin to underlying bones and muscles.

Sensory receptors within the subcutaneous layer that detect external pressure applied to the skin.

It attaches the skin to underlying tissues and organs and contains sensory receptors that detect pressure.

Vitiligo is a condition where patches of skin lose their melanocytes, resulting in a loss of pigment and lighter skin.

Carotene is a yellow-orange pigment found in the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layer. It contributes to skin color and is a precursor to vitamin A.

Hemoglobin is a red pigment contained in red blood cells (erythrocytes). It carries oxygen and gives the skin a reddish hue, especially in areas with a rich blood supply.

The part of the hair that extends above the skin's surface, composed of dead, keratinized cells.

The sheath-like structure that surrounds the hair root, anchored in the dermis, and responsible for hair growth.