Questions and Answers
The central nervous system consists of the brain and the ______.
spinal cord
The lower part of the brain stem that regulates automatic activities is called the ______.
hindbrain
The ______ system is involved with regulating our emotional experiences and expressions.
limbic
The reticular activating system, located in the midbrain, contributes to processes of ______ and tension.
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The brain stem includes the hindbrain, ______, and forebrain.
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Structures such as the hippocampus and amygdala are part of the ______ system.
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The ______ regulates essential automatic functions such as breathing and digestion.
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The thalamus and hypothalamus are located at the top of the brain ______.
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Genes are long molecules of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) found in various locations on ______.
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Physical characteristics such as hair color and eye color are determined by our genetic ______.
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A dominant gene strongly influences a particular ______.
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A recessive gene must be paired with another ______ gene to determine a trait.
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Individuals inherit tendencies to express certain traits or behaviors that may be activated under conditions of ______.
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Genetic endowment may increase the probability that an individual will experience stressful life ______.
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Knowing how the ______ system works is central to understanding behavior and emotions.
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The Diathesis–Stress Model suggests that genetic factors can interact with environmental ______.
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Study Notes
Genetic Contributions to Psychopathology
- Genes are long DNA molecules located on chromosomes within cell nuclei.
- Physical traits like hair color, eye color, height, and weight are influenced by genetic factors.
- Dominant genes influence traits strongly; only one is needed to express the trait.
- Recessive genes require another recessive gene to express a trait.
The Diathesis–Stress Model
- Individuals inherit tendencies for certain traits or behaviors, which can emerge under stress.
Gene–Environment Correlation Model
- Genetic predisposition may increase the likelihood of encountering stressful life events.
Neuroscience and Its Contributions to Psychopathology
- Understanding the nervous system, especially the brain, is crucial for examining behavior, emotions, and cognition.
- The human nervous system comprises the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and peripheral nervous system (somatic and autonomic).
Structure of the Brain
- The brain consists of two main parts: the brain stem and forebrain.
- The brain stem manages essential automatic functions like breathing and heart rate.
Components of the Brain Stem
- Hindbrain contains the medulla, pons, and cerebellum, controlling automatic activities and motor coordination.
- Midbrain connects movement with sensory input and includes the reticular activating system for arousal and tension regulation.
Thalamus and Hypothalamus
- Positioned at the top of the brain stem, they regulate behavior and emotions and serve as relays between the forebrain and lower brain areas.
Limbic System
- Located above the thalamus and hypothalamus, it plays a significant role in regulating emotions, learning, and impulse control.
- Key structures include the hippocampus, cingulate gyrus, septum, and amygdala.
- The limbic system is involved in fundamental drives such as sex, aggression, hunger, and thirst.
Basal Ganglia
- Positioned at the base of the forebrain, including the caudate nucleus, they are believed to control motor activity.
- Damage to these structures can lead to changes in posture or involuntary movements like twitching.
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Description
This quiz explores the genetic contributions to psychopathology, focusing on how our DNA influences physical characteristics and psychological traits. It takes an integrative approach to understanding the complexities of mental health through genetic factors. Test your knowledge on the interplay between genetics and psychopathology.
