7-L2

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Questions and Answers

What process is activated by insulin in the liver?

  • Glycogenolysis
  • Synthesis of glycogen (correct)
  • Ketone body formation
  • Gluconeogenesis

What is the effect of insulin on glycogenolysis in the liver?

  • It is inhibited (correct)
  • It is not affected
  • It is activated
  • It is variable

What type of bonds link the two polypeptide chains in insulin?

  • Peptide bonds
  • Ionic bonds
  • Disulphide bridges (correct)
  • Hydrogen bonds

What is the effect of insulin on triglyceride utilisation in muscle?

<p>It is activated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism in the liver?

<p>It increases gluconeogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on glucose uptake in adipose tissue?

<p>It is activated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of adrenaline on glucose metabolism in muscle?

<p>It decreases glucose uptake (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on lipolysis in adipose tissue?

<p>It is inhibited (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How many disulphide bridges are present in the insulin molecule?

<p>Three (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is unique about the structure of insulin?

<p>It has two polypeptide chains linked by disulphide bridges (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the initial form of insulin synthesized on ribosomes?

<p>Pre-proinsulin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the pre-part in pre-proinsulin?

<p>To ensure the newly synthesized protein enters the endoplasmic reticulum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is removed from the pre-proinsulin molecule once it enters the endoplasmic reticulum?

<p>The signal peptide (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the resulting molecule after the signal peptide is removed?

<p>Proinsulin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of proinsulin folding?

<p>To ensure correct alignment of the cysteine residues (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is proinsulin transported to after folding?

<p>Golgi apparatus (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What occurs in the storage vesicles?

<p>Proteolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of C-peptide in the plasma?

<p>To serve as a marker of endogenous insulin release (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is released during insulin secretion?

<p>The entire contents of the storage granules (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring plasma C-peptide levels in patients receiving insulin?

<p>To monitor endogenous insulin secretion (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the form in which insulin is stored in -cell storage granules?

<p>Zinc-insulin complex (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to insulin when it is released from the -cell storage granules?

<p>It dissolves in the plasma and circulates as a free hormone (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

<p>To clear absorbed nutrients from the blood following a meal (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the major target tissues for insulin action?

<p>Liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism?

<p>It promotes glucose uptake in target tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does insulin interact with its target cells?

<p>Through binding to receptors on the surface of target cells (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the time frame in which insulin's effects occur?

<p>Sec/hr (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the result of insulin's action on its target tissues?

<p>Anabolic effects (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary structure of glucagon?

<p>A single chain polypeptide hormone (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on glucose transport in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle?

<p>Increase glucose transport (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What happens to the pre-proglucagon molecule during post-translational processing?

<p>It is converted into the biologically active molecule (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on glycogenolysis in liver and muscle?

<p>Decrease glycogenolysis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on lipolysis in adipose tissue?

<p>Decrease lipolysis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on glycogenolysis in the liver?

<p>It increases glycogenolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of receptor does glucagon bind to?

<p>A G protein-coupled receptor (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on glycolysis in liver and adipose tissue?

<p>Increase glycolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on lipolysis in adipose tissue?

<p>It increases lipolysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on protein synthesis in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue?

<p>Increase protein synthesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on gluconeogenesis in the liver?

<p>It increases gluconeogenesis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on lipoprotein lipase activity in the capillary bed of tissues such as adipose tissue?

<p>Increase lipoprotein lipase activity (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following hormones stimulates insulin secretion?

<p>Acetyl choline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of glucagon on ketogenesis in the liver?

<p>It increases ketogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary factor that increases the rate of glucagon secretion?

<p>A decrease in blood glucose concentration (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

<p>To lower blood glucose concentration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis in liver?

<p>Decrease gluconeogenesis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What enzyme is activated by the binding of glucagon to its receptor?

<p>Adenylate cyclase (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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