7-L2
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Questions and Answers

What process is activated by insulin in the liver?

  • Glycogenolysis
  • Synthesis of glycogen (correct)
  • Ketone body formation
  • Gluconeogenesis

    • What is the effect of insulin on glycogenolysis in the liver?

  • It is inhibited (correct)
  • It is not affected
  • It is activated
  • It is variable

    • What type of bonds link the two polypeptide chains in insulin?

  • Peptide bonds
  • Ionic bonds
  • Disulphide bridges (correct)
  • Hydrogen bonds

    • What is the effect of insulin on triglyceride utilisation in muscle?

    <p>It is activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of cortisol on glucose metabolism in the liver?

    <p>It increases gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on glucose uptake in adipose tissue?

    <p>It is activated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of adrenaline on glucose metabolism in muscle?

    <p>It decreases glucose uptake</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on lipolysis in adipose tissue?

    <p>It is inhibited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many disulphide bridges are present in the insulin molecule?

    <p>Three</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is unique about the structure of insulin?

    <p>It has two polypeptide chains linked by disulphide bridges</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the initial form of insulin synthesized on ribosomes?

    <p>Pre-proinsulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the pre-part in pre-proinsulin?

    <p>To ensure the newly synthesized protein enters the endoplasmic reticulum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is removed from the pre-proinsulin molecule once it enters the endoplasmic reticulum?

    <p>The signal peptide</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the resulting molecule after the signal peptide is removed?

    <p>Proinsulin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of proinsulin folding?

    <p>To ensure correct alignment of the cysteine residues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is proinsulin transported to after folding?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What occurs in the storage vesicles?

    <p>Proteolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of C-peptide in the plasma?

    <p>To serve as a marker of endogenous insulin release</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is released during insulin secretion?

    <p>The entire contents of the storage granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of measuring plasma C-peptide levels in patients receiving insulin?

    <p>To monitor endogenous insulin secretion</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the form in which insulin is stored in -cell storage granules?

    <p>Zinc-insulin complex</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to insulin when it is released from the -cell storage granules?

    <p>It dissolves in the plasma and circulates as a free hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

    <p>To clear absorbed nutrients from the blood following a meal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major target tissues for insulin action?

    <p>Liver, skeletal muscle, and adipose tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on carbohydrate metabolism?

    <p>It promotes glucose uptake in target tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does insulin interact with its target cells?

    <p>Through binding to receptors on the surface of target cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the time frame in which insulin's effects occur?

    <p>Sec/hr</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the result of insulin's action on its target tissues?

    <p>Anabolic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary structure of glucagon?

    <p>A single chain polypeptide hormone</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on glucose transport in adipose tissue and skeletal muscle?

    <p>Increase glucose transport</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to the pre-proglucagon molecule during post-translational processing?

    <p>It is converted into the biologically active molecule</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on glycogenolysis in liver and muscle?

    <p>Decrease glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on lipolysis in adipose tissue?

    <p>Decrease lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucagon on glycogenolysis in the liver?

    <p>It increases glycogenolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor does glucagon bind to?

    <p>A G protein-coupled receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on glycolysis in liver and adipose tissue?

    <p>Increase glycolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucagon on lipolysis in adipose tissue?

    <p>It increases lipolysis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on protein synthesis in liver, muscle, and adipose tissue?

    <p>Increase protein synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucagon on gluconeogenesis in the liver?

    <p>It increases gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on lipoprotein lipase activity in the capillary bed of tissues such as adipose tissue?

    <p>Increase lipoprotein lipase activity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following hormones stimulates insulin secretion?

    <p>Acetyl choline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of glucagon on ketogenesis in the liver?

    <p>It increases ketogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary factor that increases the rate of glucagon secretion?

    <p>A decrease in blood glucose concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of insulin in the body?

    <p>To lower blood glucose concentration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the effect of insulin on gluconeogenesis in liver?

    <p>Decrease gluconeogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What enzyme is activated by the binding of glucagon to its receptor?

    <p>Adenylate cyclase</p> Signup and view all the answers

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