Insulin Synthesis and Secretion Quiz

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60 Questions

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of insulin in pancreatic β cells?

Endoplasmic reticulum

What is the role of C-peptide in insulin secretion?

It is equally secreted with insulin

Which organ is involved in the clearance of insulin from the body?

Liver

Which molecule is equally secreted with insulin in endogenous insulin secretion?

C-peptide

Where is proinsulin stored before it is cleaved into insulin and C-peptide?

Secretory granules

Which molecule is lacking in exogenous insulin?

C-peptide

Which tissue does insulin primarily stimulate glucose uptake into?

Muscle

Which of the following is NOT an anabolic effect of insulin?

Lipolysis

Which glucose transporter is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue?

GLUT4

Which glucose transporter is bidirectional and found in β islet cells and the liver?

GLUT2

Which organ primarily utilizes ketone bodies during starvation?

Brain

Which glucose transporter is predominantly expressed in RBCs?

GLUT1

Which glucose transporter is responsible for fructose uptake?

GLUT5

Which glucose transporter is predominantly expressed in the brain and placenta?

GLUT3

Which glucose transporter is responsible for Na+-glucose cotransport in the kidney and small intestine?

SGLT1/SGLT2

Which organs/tissues are classified as BRICK LIPS?

Liver, Islet (β) cells, Placenta, Spermatocytes

Which glucose transporter is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?

GLUT4

Which glucose transporter is responsible for glucose uptake in RBCs, brain, and placenta?

GLUT1

Which glucose transporter is responsible for fructose uptake in spermatocytes and the GI tract?

GLUT5

Which glucose transporter is bidirectional and found in β islet cells and the liver?

GLUT2

Which organ primarily utilizes ketone bodies during starvation?

Brain

Which molecule is lacking in exogenous insulin?

C-peptide

Where is proinsulin stored before it is cleaved into insulin and C-peptide?

Pancreatic β cells

Which glucose transporter is responsible for Na+-glucose cotransport in the kidney and small intestine?

SGLT1/SGLT2

What is the role of C-peptide in insulin secretion?

It is a byproduct of proinsulin cleavage

Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of insulin in pancreatic β cells?

Endoplasmic reticulum

Which molecule is the major regulator of insulin release?

Glucose

What is the role of incretins in insulin response?

Incretins stimulate insulin release from beta cells

Which channels are targeted by sulfonylureas to affect insulin release?

Potassium channels

What happens when glucose enters beta cells?

ATP is generated from glucose metabolism

Which hormone is primarily responsible for gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis?

Cortisol

Which hormone upregulates α1-receptors on arterioles and increases sensitivity to norepinephrine and epinephrine?

Cortisol

Which hormone binds to mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptors at high concentrations?

Cortisol

Which hormone inhibits production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, inhibits WBC adhesion, and blocks histamine release from mast cells?

Cortisol

Which hormone is responsible for insulin resistance and diabetogenic effects?

Cortisol

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of the HPA axis?

CRH

Which hormone stimulates ACTH release from the pituitary gland?

CRH

Excess secretion of which hormone can lead to prolonged cortisol secretion and cortisol resistance?

Cortisol

Which hormone can cause reactivation of TB and candidiasis when administered exogenously?

Cortisol

Which hormone is responsible for poor wound healing, decreased collagen synthesis, and increased striae formation?

Cortisol

Which hormone is primarily responsible for gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis?

Cortisol

Which hormone inhibits production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, inhibits WBC adhesion, and blocks histamine release from mast cells?

Cortisol

Which hormone is involved in the regulation of the HPA axis?

ACTH

Which hormone is responsible for insulin resistance and diabetogenic effects?

Cortisol

Which hormone is responsible for poor wound healing, decreased collagen synthesis, and increased striae formation?

Cortisol

Which hormone binds to mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptors at high concentrations?

Cortisol

Which hormone upregulates α1-receptors on arterioles and increases sensitivity to norepinephrine and epinephrine?

Cortisol

Which hormone can cause reactivation of TB and candidiasis when administered exogenously?

Cortisol

Which hormone stimulates ACTH release from the pituitary gland?

CRH

Excess secretion of which hormone can lead to prolonged cortisol secretion and cortisol resistance?

Cortisol

Which signaling pathway is associated with vasodilation and diuresis?

cAMP pathway

Which hormone binds to the V2-receptor of ADH?

hCG

Which signaling pathway is associated with intracellular receptors?

Receptor tyrosine kinase pathway

Which hormone is responsible for poor wound healing, decreased collagen synthesis, and increased striae formation?

Cortisol

Which signaling pathway is associated with the JAK/STAT pathway?

JAK/STAT pathway

Which hormone binds to the H1-receptor of Histamine?

ADH

Which hormone binds to the V1-receptor of ADH?

ADH

Which hormone binds to the mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptors at high concentrations?

Cortisol

Which signaling pathway is associated with the MAP kinase pathway?

MAP kinase pathway

Which hormone binds to the V2-receptor of ADH?

ADH

Test your knowledge on insulin synthesis and secretion with this quiz. Learn about the steps involved in insulin production, including the synthesis of proinsulin, cleavage processes, and the role of C-peptide. Explore the differences between endogenous and exogenous insulin secretion.

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