60 Questions
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of insulin in pancreatic β cells?
Endoplasmic reticulum
What is the role of C-peptide in insulin secretion?
It is equally secreted with insulin
Which organ is involved in the clearance of insulin from the body?
Liver
Which molecule is equally secreted with insulin in endogenous insulin secretion?
C-peptide
Where is proinsulin stored before it is cleaved into insulin and C-peptide?
Secretory granules
Which molecule is lacking in exogenous insulin?
C-peptide
Which tissue does insulin primarily stimulate glucose uptake into?
Muscle
Which of the following is NOT an anabolic effect of insulin?
Lipolysis
Which glucose transporter is predominantly expressed in adipose tissue?
GLUT4
Which glucose transporter is bidirectional and found in β islet cells and the liver?
GLUT2
Which organ primarily utilizes ketone bodies during starvation?
Brain
Which glucose transporter is predominantly expressed in RBCs?
GLUT1
Which glucose transporter is responsible for fructose uptake?
GLUT5
Which glucose transporter is predominantly expressed in the brain and placenta?
GLUT3
Which glucose transporter is responsible for Na+-glucose cotransport in the kidney and small intestine?
SGLT1/SGLT2
Which organs/tissues are classified as BRICK LIPS?
Liver, Islet (β) cells, Placenta, Spermatocytes
Which glucose transporter is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue?
GLUT4
Which glucose transporter is responsible for glucose uptake in RBCs, brain, and placenta?
GLUT1
Which glucose transporter is responsible for fructose uptake in spermatocytes and the GI tract?
GLUT5
Which glucose transporter is bidirectional and found in β islet cells and the liver?
GLUT2
Which organ primarily utilizes ketone bodies during starvation?
Brain
Which molecule is lacking in exogenous insulin?
C-peptide
Where is proinsulin stored before it is cleaved into insulin and C-peptide?
Pancreatic β cells
Which glucose transporter is responsible for Na+-glucose cotransport in the kidney and small intestine?
SGLT1/SGLT2
What is the role of C-peptide in insulin secretion?
It is a byproduct of proinsulin cleavage
Which organelle is responsible for the synthesis of insulin in pancreatic β cells?
Endoplasmic reticulum
Which molecule is the major regulator of insulin release?
Glucose
What is the role of incretins in insulin response?
Incretins stimulate insulin release from beta cells
Which channels are targeted by sulfonylureas to affect insulin release?
Potassium channels
What happens when glucose enters beta cells?
ATP is generated from glucose metabolism
Which hormone is primarily responsible for gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis?
Cortisol
Which hormone upregulates α1-receptors on arterioles and increases sensitivity to norepinephrine and epinephrine?
Cortisol
Which hormone binds to mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptors at high concentrations?
Cortisol
Which hormone inhibits production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, inhibits WBC adhesion, and blocks histamine release from mast cells?
Cortisol
Which hormone is responsible for insulin resistance and diabetogenic effects?
Cortisol
Which hormone is involved in the regulation of the HPA axis?
CRH
Which hormone stimulates ACTH release from the pituitary gland?
CRH
Excess secretion of which hormone can lead to prolonged cortisol secretion and cortisol resistance?
Cortisol
Which hormone can cause reactivation of TB and candidiasis when administered exogenously?
Cortisol
Which hormone is responsible for poor wound healing, decreased collagen synthesis, and increased striae formation?
Cortisol
Which hormone is primarily responsible for gluconeogenesis, lipolysis, and proteolysis?
Cortisol
Which hormone inhibits production of leukotrienes and prostaglandins, inhibits WBC adhesion, and blocks histamine release from mast cells?
Cortisol
Which hormone is involved in the regulation of the HPA axis?
ACTH
Which hormone is responsible for insulin resistance and diabetogenic effects?
Cortisol
Which hormone is responsible for poor wound healing, decreased collagen synthesis, and increased striae formation?
Cortisol
Which hormone binds to mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptors at high concentrations?
Cortisol
Which hormone upregulates α1-receptors on arterioles and increases sensitivity to norepinephrine and epinephrine?
Cortisol
Which hormone can cause reactivation of TB and candidiasis when administered exogenously?
Cortisol
Which hormone stimulates ACTH release from the pituitary gland?
CRH
Excess secretion of which hormone can lead to prolonged cortisol secretion and cortisol resistance?
Cortisol
Which signaling pathway is associated with vasodilation and diuresis?
cAMP pathway
Which hormone binds to the V2-receptor of ADH?
hCG
Which signaling pathway is associated with intracellular receptors?
Receptor tyrosine kinase pathway
Which hormone is responsible for poor wound healing, decreased collagen synthesis, and increased striae formation?
Cortisol
Which signaling pathway is associated with the JAK/STAT pathway?
JAK/STAT pathway
Which hormone binds to the H1-receptor of Histamine?
ADH
Which hormone binds to the V1-receptor of ADH?
ADH
Which hormone binds to the mineralocorticoid (aldosterone) receptors at high concentrations?
Cortisol
Which signaling pathway is associated with the MAP kinase pathway?
MAP kinase pathway
Which hormone binds to the V2-receptor of ADH?
ADH
Test your knowledge on insulin synthesis and secretion with this quiz. Learn about the steps involved in insulin production, including the synthesis of proinsulin, cleavage processes, and the role of C-peptide. Explore the differences between endogenous and exogenous insulin secretion.
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