Insulin Production and Liver Response

Insulin and Pancreatic Cells

• Beta cells in the pancreas produce insulin in response to high blood sugar levels.

Insulin's Effect on the Liver

• Insulin triggers the liver to convert glucose to glycogen for storage.

Cholesterol Transport

• Cholesterol is transported in the bloodstream by lipoproteins.

Cholesterol's Role in Heart Attacks

• Excess cholesterol can lead to the formation of plaques that narrow arteries and restrict blood flow, increasing the risk of heart attacks.

Aldosterone's Function

• Aldosterone increases sodium and water reabsorption in the kidneys, raising blood pressure.

Brain Hemispheres and Stroke

• A stroke affecting the right hemisphere, parietal lobe can cause loss of sensation on the left side of the body.

Brain Hemisphere Control

• The right hemisphere controls sensory input from the left side of the body.

Bone Remodeling

• Osteoclasts break down bone tissue, while osteoblasts build it up.

Osteoporosis and Bone Fractures

• High activity of osteoclasts leading to bone resorption and reduced bone density increases the risk of bone fractures.

Muscle Fiber Types

• Endurance running, like Jane's, leads to a higher amount of type I fibers.

High-Altitude Breathing

• Breathing becomes harder at high altitudes due to the lower air pressure and reduced oxygen availability.
• Inhaling involves muscle contraction and is harder at lower atmospheric pressures.