Insulin Aspart Overview and Effects

Study Notes

Insulin Aspart (Novolog) Overview

Generic Name: Insulin Aspart
Trade Name: Novolog
Functional Classification: Antidiabetic, pancreatic hormone

Mechanism and Effects

Stimulates cellular transport of glucose, amino acids, nucleotides, and potassium.
Converts glucose to glycogen and promotes synthesis of complex organic molecules.

Indications

Approved for use in Type 1 and Type 2 diabetes mellitus.

Adverse Effects

EENT: Blurred vision, dry mouth.
Integumentary: Flushing, rash, urticaria, warmth, lipodystrophy, lipohypertrophy, swelling, redness.
Metabolic: Hypoglycemia, rebound hyperglycemia (Somogyi effect can occur 12-72 hours or longer).
Miscellaneous: Peripheral edema.
Systemic: Risk of anaphylaxis.

Pre-Admin Assessment

Therapeutic goals include reduction in polyuria, polydipsia, and polphagia.
Monitor for clear sensorium and absence of dizziness for stable gait.

Post-Admin Evaluation

Ongoing evaluations of A1C, weight, urine, and blood glucose levels are necessary.

Drug-Drug Interactions

Potential interactions with alcohol, β-blockers, and anabolic steroids.

Patient Education

Educate about hypo/hyperglycemia symptoms and appropriate responses.
Encourage carrying a glucagon emergency kit and glucose source (like candy).
Importance of daily medication adherence and consequences of abrupt discontinuation.

Nursing Considerations

Monitor fasting blood glucose and A1C every three months to assess treatment effectiveness.
Assess urine ketones during illness; insulin requirements may escalate during stress or surgery.
Identify hypoglycemic reactions during peak dosing times (sweating, weakness, confusion, etc.).
Watch for hyperglycemic signs (acetone breath, excessive urination, fatigue, etc.).
In older adults, avoid short- or rapid-acting insulin to reduce hypoglycemia risks; sliding-scale insulin often does not enhance hyperglycemia management.

Dosage and Administration

Appearance: Clear solution.
Onset of Action: 10-20 minutes after administration.
Peak Effect: Approximately 3 hours post-injection.
Duration: Lasts between 3-6 hours.
Timing of Administration: Should be taken immediately before meals.
Routes of Administration: Administered subcutaneously, intravenously, or via pump.

Description

This quiz provides an overview of Insulin Aspart, also known as Novolog, including its mechanism of action, indications, and potential adverse effects. It is crucial for understanding the therapeutic goals and assessment processes before and after administration for diabetes management.