Instruments & Instrumentation - Operative Dentistry Year 2

<p>They include both burs and abrasives (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>On the palatal surface of anterior teeth (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Width of the blade (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Carbon Steel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single beveled, bi-beveled, triple beveled, and circumferential bevels (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Excavation of soft carious dentin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>When the cutting edge is not perpendicular to the long axis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Single-ended and double-ended (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are more corrosion resistant (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Adding an angle for balance and accessibility (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases cutting efficiency within limits. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tungsten carbide bur (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Zero rake angle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases cutting efficiency but may lead to heat generation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enamel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They cut only in dentin and have a smaller cutting area. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increasing speed improves cutting efficiency. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Air-water sprays (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases the risk of blade fracture. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To clean the operating area (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stones consist of abrasive particles, whereas burs consist of cutting blades. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Clogging of abrasives leading to pain (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are more effective in cutting dentin. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>0.025 mm (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Copious coolant (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Defect in the cutting material (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases friction (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhance the taste of dental materials (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Irreversible pulpal inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They are used for packing restorations. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Minimizing working time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thermal pulp shock (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Type of material being cut (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Selecting sharp tools with high cutting efficiency (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Painless procedure (A), Removes tooth structure with minimal heat generation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Generates significant heat that may affect the pulp (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Designed to avoid injury to adjacent teeth (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To soften carious dentin before removal (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They generate excessive heat which always leads to pain (A), They are only used for cavity preparation on soft tissues (B), They can provide tactile sensation during use (C), They only use diamond particles for cutting (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shank (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Dissolve carious dentin effectively (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Shaft or handle (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Hand-held tools used to cut enamel and/or dentin and shape the prepared cavity.

The part of a hand cutting instrument you hold for grip, often with textured or angled surfaces to prevent slipping.

The connecting piece between the shaft and blade of a hand cutting instrument.

The actual cutting edge of a hand cutting instrument.

A method of tooth preparation using a high-speed air stream and abrasive particles to remove tooth structure.

A specialized technique for cutting tooth structure using a focused laser beam.

Dental instruments that employ vibrations and abrasive particles to cut tooth structure.

A gel-based method that softens carious dentin, allowing for more effective removal with hand instruments.

A group of numbers describing the instrument's dimensions and angles written on the center of the shaft.

The width of the blade, measured in tenths of a millimeter.

The length of the blade, measured in millimeters.

The angle of the blade from the long axis of the shaft, measured in degrees.

The angle of the cutting edge from the long axis of the shaft, measured in degrees. Only included if the cutting edge is not perpendicular to the long axis of the blade.

Steel that resists corrosion and rust.

Steel that is easily sharpened but prone to corrosion.

The plane of the force applied coincides with the plane of work, meaning the force is applied in the same direction as the cutting action.

A rounded angle formed at the junction of the axio-pulpal line and the pulpal floor of a cavity preparation. This design helps to minimize stress concentration at the weakest point of the tooth, the axio-pulpal line angle, which is especially important to prevent fracture.

A beveled preparation made on the gingival wall of a cavity preparation in cast gold restorations, which provides retention and prevents the restoration from being dislodged due to occlusal forces.

A method of holding a dental instrument that provides the most control for delicate procedures, often used for finishing enamel walls and where direct vision is possible.

A type of hand instrument grasp used for applying more force and especially useful for preparing the palatal surfaces of anterior teeth in the upper arch.

A method of using fingers that are not holding the instrument to support and prevent slippage, ensuring control and stability during procedures.

The ability of the bur to remove tooth structure with minimal effort and time.

Tungsten carbide burs are harder, have a higher melting point, and are more resistant to heat damage. They are also more accurate in their design.

More blades generally mean faster and smoother cuts. But too many blades could weaken the bur.

A positive angle can improve cutting efficiency, but it makes the bur more prone to breaking. Zero rake angles are usually the best balance.

Enamel is harder than dentin, so burs cut through dentin much more easily.

Greater pressure on the bur increases cutting efficiency, but also leads to more heat, dulling, and damage to the bur's edges.

Higher speed generally results in more efficient cutting, but it's important to choose the right speed for the task and the bur.

The inverted cone bur is much more efficient than the fissure bur due to its smaller cutting area and cutting only in dentin, while fissure bur cuts through both enamel and dentin.

The maximum displacement of the periphery of the working point of an instrument or tool from its central axis. It is measured dynamically by rotating the instrument and measuring the lateral displacement of the blade tips.

A dynamic test that measures the accuracy with which all the blades of a rotating instrument pass through a single point.

Friction between the bur and the tooth surface causes heat generation. This happens when the energy used to cut is partially converted into heat instead of work.

Increased pressure, speed, bur size, and cutting time all contribute to increased friction and heat generation.

Heat generated during cutting can dissipate into the tool, the tooth, the surrounding air, and the dentin chips.

Temperatures above 85-135°F can cause dehydration of dentin, burning lesions, pulp hyperemia, pulp inflammation, and thermal pulp shock.

To control heat generation, use smaller instruments, select proper speed, decrease working time, use sharp cutting tools, apply only rotational force, use coolants, and consider laser, ultrasonic, or air abrasion techniques.

A substance used during cutting to cool the instrument and tooth, reducing friction and heat generation. The ideal coolant should have a specific gravity close to water, be non-toxic, non-irritating, and have good lubricating properties.

Coolant is essential for dental procedures as it controls heat generation, cleans the working area, lubricates tooth surfaces, improves visibility, and extends tool life. Coolant also reduces pain during cutting, minimizing the need for anesthesia.

Diamond points and stones are widely used abrasive instruments in dentistry. They differ from burs by having abrasive particles instead of cutting blades, and are employed for abrasion rather than cutting. This design difference leads to variations in cutting mechanisms and applications.

Abrasive instruments are particularly effective at cutting hard materials like enamel, but can cause clogging and excessive heat generation when used on dentin. This makes them ideal for extracoronal preparations like veneer preparations.

Carbide burs excel at cutting dentin, producing less heat generation compared to abrasive instruments. They are typically used for intracoronal preparations such as cavity preparations.

The amalgam carrier is a tool specifically designed to hold and deliver increments of amalgam into the prepared tooth cavity.

Biologically compatible coolants are ideal as they do not cause any adverse reactions or harm to the oral tissues.

Maintaining the correct body temperature during dental procedures is crucial for patient comfort and preventing complications.

Using sufficient amounts of coolants ensures effective heat management, cleaning, and lubrication during dental procedures.