Unit 5 Textbook

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What is the main difference between positive punishment and negative reinforcement?

Positive punishment aims to stop a behavior to avoid an unpleasant consequence, while negative reinforcement aims to continue a behavior to avoid an unpleasant consequence

Positive punishment aims to continue a behavior to avoid an unpleasant consequence, while negative reinforcement aims to stop a behavior to avoid an unpleasant consequence

Positive punishment aims to stop a behavior to prevent an unpleasant consequence, while negative reinforcement aims to continue a behavior to stop an unpleasant consequence from happening again (correct)

Positive punishment aims to continue a behavior to stop an unpleasant consequence from happening again, while negative reinforcement aims to stop a behavior to prevent an unpleasant consequence

What is an example of negative punishment or omission training?

Giving a reward for good behavior

Allowing a child to watch TV for completing homework

Suspending a driver's license to stop drunk driving

Sending a child to their room after doing something bad (correct)

What is the purpose of using differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)?

To deliver a positive reinforcer only if the targeted (bad) response occurs

To periodically deliver a positive reinforcer only if they do something that is NOT the targeted (bad) response (correct)

To ignore the targeted (bad) response

To provide a reward for the targeted (bad) response

What determines if instrumental behavior will be repeated?

The consequence of the behavior Signup and view all the answers

Which early psychologist proposed the Law of Effect in instrumental conditioning?

Thorndike Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a compulsive habit in instrumental conditioning?

Eating popcorn when smelling it Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of a modern approach to the study of instrumental conditioning?

Discrete-Trial Procedures Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an operant response in a Skinner box?

Pushing down a lever to receive a reinforcer Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of response shaping in instrumental conditioning?

To reinforce certain behaviors to eventually get the desired behavior Signup and view all the answers

What does shaping usually involve in instrumental conditioning?

Combining familiar behaviors to get to a new behavioral response Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of measuring response rate in operant conditioning?

To determine how often or fast the behavior occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of an appetitive stimulus in instrumental conditioning?

Getting paid Signup and view all the answers

What happens in positive punishment in instrumental conditioning?

Instrumental response produces an aversive stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What is an example of negative reinforcement in instrumental conditioning?

Opening an umbrella to stop from getting wet Signup and view all the answers

What does positive reinforcement involve in instrumental conditioning?

Instrumental response produces an appetitive stimulus Signup and view all the answers

What does reinforcement increase in instrumental conditioning?

Response variability Signup and view all the answers

What is belongingness in instrumental conditioning based on?

An organism's evolutionary history Signup and view all the answers

What can cause instinctive drift in instrumental behavior?

Food-related responses Signup and view all the answers

According to behavior systems theory, what activates when an animal is deprived?

Feeding system Signup and view all the answers

What is the main factor that determines the effectiveness of a reinforcer?

Magnitude and quality of the reinforcer Signup and view all the answers

Which type of contrast effect is observed when a small reinforcer is followed by a large reinforcer?

Positive contrast Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the relationship between the response and reinforcer in instrumental conditioning?

Response-reinforcer contingency Signup and view all the answers

What is the most effective timeframe for reinforcement delivery in instrumental conditioning?

0.5 to 30 seconds Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a conditioned stimulus previously associated with the reinforcer in instrumental conditioning?

Secondary reinforcer Signup and view all the answers

What did Skinner's Superstition Experiment distinguish between?

Contiguity and contingency Signup and view all the answers

What type of behavior increases in frequency due to accidental pairings with delivery of a reinforcer?

Superstitious behavior Signup and view all the answers

What effect disrupts the learning of new instrumental responses as a result of exposure to inescapable stimulation?

Learned helplessness effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the key difference between the exposure phase and conditioning phase in the Triadic Design?

Sensitivity to contingency Signup and view all the answers

What do animals learn during exposure to uncontrollable shocks according to the Learned Helplessness Hypothesis?

The shocks are independent of their behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the interference with the learning of new instrumental responses as a result of exposure to inescapable stimulation?

Learned helplessness effect Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for behavior that increases in frequency because of accidental pairings with delivery of a reinforcer?

Superstitious behavior Signup and view all the answers

What is the explanation or interpretation of the effect in the triadic design?

Attention deficit hypothesis: Inescapable shock reduces the extent to which animals pay attention to their own behaviour therefore a learning deficit occurs Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of the PFC and Dorsal Raphe in learned helplessness?

Long term consequences: dorsal raphe nucleus 5-HT released and sensitizing effect upon exposure to uncontrollable stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the response-allocation approach in instrumental conditioning?

Concerned with how an instrumental conditioning procedure limits an organism's free flow of activities Signup and view all the answers

What does the law of effect state in instrumental conditioning?

Strengthening of association between S and R when R is reinforced Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the functional perspective in instrumental conditioning?

How organisms manage to achieve goals with the context of all their behavioral options Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of exposure to uncontrollable stimulation on the dorsal raphe nucleus?

Long term consequences: dorsal raphe nucleus 5-HT released and sensitizing effect upon exposure to uncontrollable stimuli Signup and view all the answers

What is the associative structure of instrumental conditioning?

Stimulus context (S) Instrumental response (R) Response outcome/reinforcer (O) Signup and view all the answers

What is the focus of the response-allocation approach in instrumental conditioning?

Concerned with how an instrumental conditioning procedure limits an organism's free flow of activities Signup and view all the answers

Unit 5 Textbook

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Questions and Answers

What is the main difference between positive punishment and negative reinforcement?

What is an example of negative punishment or omission training?

What is the purpose of using differential reinforcement of other behavior (DRO)?

What determines if instrumental behavior will be repeated?

Which early psychologist proposed the Law of Effect in instrumental conditioning?

What is an example of a compulsive habit in instrumental conditioning?

What is an example of a modern approach to the study of instrumental conditioning?

What is an example of an operant response in a Skinner box?

What is the purpose of response shaping in instrumental conditioning?

What does shaping usually involve in instrumental conditioning?

What is the purpose of measuring response rate in operant conditioning?

What is an example of an appetitive stimulus in instrumental conditioning?

What happens in positive punishment in instrumental conditioning?

What is an example of negative reinforcement in instrumental conditioning?

What does positive reinforcement involve in instrumental conditioning?

What does reinforcement increase in instrumental conditioning?

What is belongingness in instrumental conditioning based on?

What can cause instinctive drift in instrumental behavior?

According to behavior systems theory, what activates when an animal is deprived?

What is the main factor that determines the effectiveness of a reinforcer?

Which type of contrast effect is observed when a small reinforcer is followed by a large reinforcer?

What is the term for the relationship between the response and reinforcer in instrumental conditioning?

What is the most effective timeframe for reinforcement delivery in instrumental conditioning?

What is the term for a conditioned stimulus previously associated with the reinforcer in instrumental conditioning?

What did Skinner's Superstition Experiment distinguish between?

What type of behavior increases in frequency due to accidental pairings with delivery of a reinforcer?

What effect disrupts the learning of new instrumental responses as a result of exposure to inescapable stimulation?

What is the key difference between the exposure phase and conditioning phase in the Triadic Design?

What do animals learn during exposure to uncontrollable shocks according to the Learned Helplessness Hypothesis?

What is the term for the interference with the learning of new instrumental responses as a result of exposure to inescapable stimulation?

What is the term for behavior that increases in frequency because of accidental pairings with delivery of a reinforcer?

What is the explanation or interpretation of the effect in the triadic design?

What is the role of the PFC and Dorsal Raphe in learned helplessness?

What is the focus of the response-allocation approach in instrumental conditioning?

What does the law of effect state in instrumental conditioning?

What is the purpose of the functional perspective in instrumental conditioning?

What is the effect of exposure to uncontrollable stimulation on the dorsal raphe nucleus?

What is the associative structure of instrumental conditioning?

What is the focus of the response-allocation approach in instrumental conditioning?

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