Instrument Landing System (ILS) & VHF Omni Range
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Questions and Answers

What are the key components of ILS aircraft equipment?

  • Transponder and GPS unit
  • Flaps and elevators
  • Autothrottle and flight director
  • Receivers and a control unit (correct)

    • What modulation tones are used in the localizer signal for ILS?

  • 100 Hz and 200 Hz
  • 90 Hz and 150 Hz (correct)
  • 75 Hz and 120 Hz
  • 50 Hz and 150 Hz

    • Which component is primarily responsible for ILS signal display in modern aircraft?

  • Vertical speed indicator
  • Electronic flight instrument system (EFIS)
  • Heading indicator
  • Attitude Direction Indicator (ADI) (correct)

    • How is the Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal generated in the ILS airborne loading?

    <p>By mixing the localizer signal with the synthesiser frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the VHF localizer receiver in the ILS system?

    <p>To indicate lateral deviation from the runway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antenna is used for receiving UHF glideslope signals in ILS?

    <p>Folded dipole antenna</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the appropriate localizer frequency in ILS operation?

    <p>Pilot tuning into the required frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the output of the preselector in the ILS receiver system?

    <p>Selected localizer frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which signal characteristic is crucial for effective ILS operation?

    <p>High Carrier to Noise ratio (C/N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the ILS indicators in aircraft?

    <p>To indicate lateral and vertical position relative to the runway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the monitor circuit in the system?

    <p>To check reliability, quality, and deviation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which tones are compared within the instrumentation circuit?

    <p>90 Hz and 150 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does the glideslope receiver differ from the localizer receiver?

    <p>It operates on a UHF band for signal requirements</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signals are applied to the Attitude Director Indicator?

    <p>Vertical and horizontal deviation signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the difference signal produced by the instrumentation?

    <p>To drive the course pointers on the Attitude Director Indicator</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which category of signals is primarily monitored by the glideslope deviation instrumentation?

    <p>90 Hz and 150 Hz tones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must a pilot be aware of to intercept the localizer effectively?

    <p>The rough track to the aerodrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the mixer's role involve in the glideslope and localizer systems?

    <p>Combining signals for synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of signal typically drives the vertical deviation course pointers?

    <p>A difference signal between 90 Hz and 150 Hz tones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In terms of ILS ground system components, what does the preselector do?

    <p>Selects frequencies for monitoring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the Localizer in the Instrument Landing System?

    <p>To transmit directional signals for lateral alignment with the runway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What frequency range does the Glideslope operate within?

    <p>329.5 to 335.0 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of signal modulation does the Localizer use for its directional beams?

    <p>Amplitude Modulation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary purpose of the VOR system in aviation?

    <p>To facilitate accurate navigation by providing bearings to ground stations</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which ICAO visibility category corresponds to a Visual Range (RVR) of 400 meters?

    <p>Category II</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If an aircraft is above the glideslope, which signal dominates according to the system's feedback?

    <p>90 Hz signal, indicating to fly down</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In what way does the localizer's directional beams assist pilots?

    <p>By showing lateral deviation from the runway centerline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the typical channel spacing for the Glideslope transmission frequencies?

    <p>150 kHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What principle does automatic flight control (autopilot) primarily utilize?

    <p>Sensor inputs for navigation and stability control</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the frequency range utilized by the localizer in the Instrument Landing System?

    <p>108.10 MHz to 111.95 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to glideslope indicators when an aircraft is below the desired glideslope?

    <p>Indicates that the glideslope is above the aircraft</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following modulation frequencies is used for the upper glideslope beam?

    <p>90 Hz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the coverage range of localizer beams to the left and right of the runway centerline?

    <p>10º out to 25 nm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which frequency pairing is correctly associated with localizer and glideslope operations?

    <p>109.10 MHz with 331.40 MHz</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What visual range is categorized under ICAO Category II for runway visibility?

    <p>400 m</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the localizer in the Instrument Landing System?

    <p>To provide lateral guidance to the runway centerline</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the glide slope typically modulated?

    <p>With 90 Hz and 150 Hz signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What determines the response of the localizer indicators on board the aircraft?

    <p>The dominance of the 90 Hz or 150 Hz signal</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the instrumentation circuit specifically compare in the system?

    <p>Signal levels of 90 Hz and 150 Hz tones</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the context of the Attitude Director Indicator, what does the Δ delta-signal affect?

    <p>Horizontal deviation course pointers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following correctly describes the glideslope receiver's operating frequency?

    <p>Automatically changes to UHF for glideslope signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of the monitor circuit in the described system?

    <p>To ensure reliability and quality of signals</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary method by which the localizer frequency is tuned in ILS operation?

    <p>Employing a conventional AM-superhetrodyne receiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the glideslope deviation instrumentation similar to the localizer deviation instrumentation?

    <p>Both compare 90 Hz and 150 Hz tone signal levels</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What specific component drives the vertical deviation course pointers in the system?

    <p>Difference signal from comparison circuits</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the tones of 90 Hz and 150 Hz modulate in the ILS system?

    <p>The carrier signal at the VHF band</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor primarily determines the Carrier to Noise ratio (C/N) in the ILS receiver system?

    <p>The filtering process by the preselector</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What condition must be known for a pilot to effectively intercept the localizer?

    <p>Rough track to the aerodrome</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How is the Intermediate Frequency (IF) signal produced in the ILS airborne system?

    <p>Through the mixing of localizer signal with synthesizer frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements about the Attitude Director Indicator is accurate?

    <p>It receives the difference signal to drive course pointers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which function does the localizer's signal provide to pilots during an approach?

    <p>Indicates the azimuth direction to the runway</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the Attitude Direction Indicator (ADI), which component indicates lateral deviation from the runway?

    <p>The rising runway bar</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component is responsible for the distinction between glideslope and localizer signals at a receiver level?

    <p>Glideslope analyzer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of signal is filtered out by the preselector in the ILS receiver?

    <p>Other frequency components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which antennas are primarily used to receive VHF localizer signals in ILS?

    <p>Whip antennas located on the tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the mixer in the ILS airborne loading process?

    <p>To combine the localizer signal with the synthesizer frequency</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During ILS operation, the UHF glideslope signals are received by which type of antenna?

    <p>Folded dipole antennas</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What kind of receiver is essential for the accuracy of the glideslope signal interpretation?

    <p>A conventional AM-superhetrodyne receiver</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Instrument Landing System (ILS) & VHF Omni Range

    • The Instrument Landing System (ILS) was developed after World War II to provide precise guidance for aircraft landing in bad weather conditions, when visual aids are unavailable.
    • ILS aids pilots by providing electronic guidance to land on a specific runway.
    • The ILS ground system utilizes antennas that transmit beams to assist with the approach path.

    Aeronautical VHF Band

    • The VHF band is used for both navigation and communication in air traffic control.
    • Navigation frequencies are 108-118 MHz
    • Communication frequencies are 118-136 MHz

    Learning Outcomes

    • Working of ILS System
    • ILS Aircraft Equipment
    • ILS Airborne Loading
    • VOR System
    • VOR Aircraft Equipment
    • VOR Airborne Loading
    • Principle of Automatic Flight Control (autopilot)

    Working Principle of ILS

    • The ILS ground system consists of two main components:
      • Localizer (LOC): Transmits beams on either side of ideal approach path.
      • Glideslope (G/S): Transmits beams directed close to one side of approach.

    ICAO Visibility Categories

    • The International Civil Aviation Organization (ICAO) defines visibility categories based on runway visual range (RVR).
      • Category I: 800 m (2600 ft) RVR
      • Category II: 400 m (1200 ft) RVR
      • Category III: 200 m (700 ft) RVR

    Localizer/Glideslope Frequency Pairing

    • A table lists paired localizer and glideslope frequencies in MHz.

    Localizer Operation

    • The localizer transmits signals in the VHF band between 108.10 and 111.95 MHz.
    • It utilizes a 50 kHz channel spacing.
    • It produces two beams on either side of the runway centerline.
    • Modulated signals (90Hz and 150Hz) are used for directional information.

    Glideslope Operation

    • The glideslope operates in the UHF band between 329.5 and 335.0 MHz.
    • A 150 kHz channel spacing.
    • These produce two beams, one above the other (upper 90 Hz and lower 150 Hz).
    • The output signal directs the aircraft up or down the desired approach path.

    ILS Airborne Equipment

    • Aircraft equipment includes:
      • VHF localizer receiver
      • UHF glideslope receiver;
      • Control unit for tuning required frequencies.

    ILS Airborne Loading

    • A conventional AM superheterodyne receiver is used for localizer signals.
    • The received localizer signal contains a carrier modulated by 90 Hz and 150 Hz tones.
    • Localizer/glideslope deviation signals are fed to the Attitude Director Indicator (ADI) to guide aircraft position relative to the runway in conjunction with controls from the ground.

    Antenna Locations:

    • Specific antenna types are positioned (examples are: glideslope antenna, localizer antenna, and VOR/LOC antennas) on the aircraft to receive ILS signals.

    ILS Indicator Operation

    • ILS signals are displayed on the Attitude Direction Indicator (ADI), a conventional or electronic indicator on the cockpit instrument panel. The ADI presents useful visual data (vertical and lateral position deviation information).
    • The pilot utilizes the localizer and glideslope signals from the instrument to determine position relative to the runway.

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    Related Documents

    ILS Part 1 PDF

    Description

    Explore the essentials of the Instrument Landing System (ILS) and VHF Omni Range navigation technologies. This quiz delves into the working principles, aircraft equipment, and fundamentals of autopilot systems. Test your knowledge on these critical components of aviation navigation and communication.

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