Innate Immunity: Dr. Felix N. Toka
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary characteristic of innate immunity?

  • Antigen-specific immune response
  • Delayed immune response
  • Immediate immune response (correct)
  • Immune response with memory

    • Which component is NOT part of the first line of defense in innate immunity?

  • Cellular component
  • Barriers
  • Humoral component (correct)
  • Non-specific

    • What type of immunity is adaptive immunity?

  • Non-antigen specific and immediate
  • Antigen-specific and delayed (correct)
  • Non-antigen specific and delayed
  • Antigen-specific and immediate

    • Which type of infection primarily induces innate immunity?

    <p>Respiratory infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main role of phagocytosis in innate immunity?

    <p>Recognizing pathogens and engulfing them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immunity leaves a memory of past infections?

    <p>Adaptive immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of defensins found in azurophilic granules?

    <p>Generate bactericidal substances</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme found in azurophilic granules degrades bacterial proteins?

    <p>Cathepsin G</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do the secondary granules in mature PMN cells contain for the production of toxic radicals?

    <p>Components of NADPH oxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are identified by the expression of CD14, CD11b or F4/80?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What signals induce chemotaxis of macrophages towards the site of microbe entry?

    <p>N-formyl-methionine secreted by bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of lysosomes in macrophages?

    <p>Intracellular killing mechanisms</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main killing mechanism in the non-oxidative intracellular killing pathway?

    <p>Action of toxic substances in lysosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is responsible for producing hypochlorous acid during myeloperoxidase dependent intracellular killing?

    <p>Myeloperoxidase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    During the process of phagocytosis, what leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species?

    <p>Use of oxygen and glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is produced by the interaction between the superoxide anion and nitric oxide?

    <p>Peroxynitrite</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which substance sequestrates iron to inhibit bacterial growth?

    <p>Lactoferrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the process that induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) during antimicrobial action?

    <p>Binding bacteria through TLR</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptor is involved in recognizing Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?

    <p>Toll-like receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the Fc receptor in phagocytosis?

    <p>It enhances metabolic activity of the phagocyte.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor directly binds to C3b complement component?

    <p>Complement receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor directly binds various polyamines found on bacterial surfaces?

    <p>Scavenger receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when macrophages bind antigen through their Toll-like receptors?

    <p>They become activated and secrete cytokines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is involved in enhancing the metabolic activity of phagocytes during phagocytosis?

    <p>Fc receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of immune system receptor recognizes damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)?

    <p>NOD-like receptors (NLRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which transcription factor is activated by the detection of PAMPs by NOD-like receptors?

    <p>NF-κB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is involved in fungal recognition and modulation of the innate immune response?

    <p>C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is located within the host cells and signals the presence of invaders in innate immune response?

    <p>NOD-like receptors (NLRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is expressed in the cytoplasm and detects viral RNA?

    <p>RIG-like receptors (RLRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor binds to carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner?

    <p>C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptor is responsible for production of Drosomycin, an antifungal peptide?

    <p>Toll-like receptors (TLRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which immunity is designed to protect the body from injury or infection without prior contact with the infectious agent?

    <p>Natural immunity</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes innate immunity from adaptive immunity?

    <p>Antigen-specific vs. non-antigen specific</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of innate immunity is primarily responsible for recognizing and eliminating pathogens?

    <p>Complement system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of PAMPs in the induction of innate immunity?

    <p>Signaling pathogen presence</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which line of defense are phagocytosis and inflammation primarily associated in the immune response?

    <p>Second line of defense</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What distinguishes the roles of humoral and cellular components in innate immunity?

    <p>Cellular component is slower, humoral component is rapid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is found in azurophilic granules and is responsible for degrading the bacterial cell wall?

    <p>Lactoferrin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do secondary granules in mature PMN cells NOT contain for the production of toxic radicals?

    <p>Azurophilic granules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor is used by macrophages for intracellular killing mechanisms?

    <p>Complement system components</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of macrophages in response to danger signals at sites of pathogen entry?

    <p>Production of cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors do phagocytes possess to bind microorganisms during phagocytosis?

    <p>Toll-like receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What induces chemotaxis of macrophages towards the site of microbe entry?

    <p>N-formyl-methionine secreted by bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is involved in the activation of phagocytosis when C3b is bound to an antigen?

    <p>Complement receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor directly binds to polyamines found on bacterial surfaces to initiate phagocytosis?

    <p>Scavenger receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is involved in enhancing the metabolic activity of phagocytes during phagocytosis when antibodies are available?

    <p>Fc receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor recognizes Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and leads to the secretion of cytokines by macrophages in preparation for an inflammatory reaction?

    <p>Toll-like receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is not involved in the direct binding of antigens or molecules on microorganisms?

    <p>Toll-like receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor is involved in the activation of phagocytosis in recurrent infections?

    <p>Fc receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main function of Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs)?

    <p>Inducing production of antimicrobial peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptors are structurally related to Toll-like receptors and can detect pathogens in the cytoplasm?

    <p>NOD-like receptors (NLRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT a function of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)?

    <p>Enhancing metabolic activity of phagocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of RIG-like receptors (RLRs) in the immune response?

    <p>Induce production of antiviral cytokines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do RIG-like receptors (RLRs) contribute to the immune response?

    <p>Detect pathogens in the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor family binds to carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner?

    <p>C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main characteristic of Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs) found in pigs?

    <p>Expressed constitutively in skin, bone marrow, and intestines</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do NOD-like receptors (NLRs) contribute to the immune response upon detecting PAMPs?

    <p>Activating NF-κB</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs) upon detecting microbial peptidoglycan?

    <p>Inducing production of antimicrobial peptides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a distinguishing feature of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) compared to Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?

    <p>Found inside the cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the major lines of defense in the innate immunity?

    <p>Innate immunity, physical barriers, and cellular barriers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell does not belong to the polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is not part of the complement system?

    <p>Complement component D</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of the normal biota on the skin and digestive tract?

    <p>Stimulate the immune system to produce antibodies against pathogens</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of neutrophils?

    <p>Production of antibodies</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of lactoferrin and transferrin?

    <p>Increase temperature during inflammation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following does not belong to the physical barriers of innate immunity?

    <p>Phagocytic system</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of interferons?

    <p>Enhance phagocytosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of NK cells?

    <p>Participate in wound healing</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a function of the coagulative system?

    <p>Digest the bacterial cell wall</p> Signup and view all the answers

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