Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is the primary characteristic of innate immunity?
What is the primary characteristic of innate immunity?
- Antigen-specific immune response
- Delayed immune response
- Immediate immune response (correct)
- Immune response with memory
Which component is NOT part of the first line of defense in innate immunity?
Which component is NOT part of the first line of defense in innate immunity?
- Cellular component
- Barriers
- Humoral component (correct)
- Non-specific
What type of immunity is adaptive immunity?
What type of immunity is adaptive immunity?
- Non-antigen specific and immediate
- Antigen-specific and delayed (correct)
- Non-antigen specific and delayed
- Antigen-specific and immediate
Which type of infection primarily induces innate immunity?
Which type of infection primarily induces innate immunity?
What is the main role of phagocytosis in innate immunity?
What is the main role of phagocytosis in innate immunity?
Which type of immunity leaves a memory of past infections?
Which type of immunity leaves a memory of past infections?
What is the main function of defensins found in azurophilic granules?
What is the main function of defensins found in azurophilic granules?
Which enzyme found in azurophilic granules degrades bacterial proteins?
Which enzyme found in azurophilic granules degrades bacterial proteins?
What do the secondary granules in mature PMN cells contain for the production of toxic radicals?
What do the secondary granules in mature PMN cells contain for the production of toxic radicals?
Which cells are identified by the expression of CD14, CD11b or F4/80?
Which cells are identified by the expression of CD14, CD11b or F4/80?
What signals induce chemotaxis of macrophages towards the site of microbe entry?
What signals induce chemotaxis of macrophages towards the site of microbe entry?
What is the main function of lysosomes in macrophages?
What is the main function of lysosomes in macrophages?
What is the main killing mechanism in the non-oxidative intracellular killing pathway?
What is the main killing mechanism in the non-oxidative intracellular killing pathway?
Which enzyme is responsible for producing hypochlorous acid during myeloperoxidase dependent intracellular killing?
Which enzyme is responsible for producing hypochlorous acid during myeloperoxidase dependent intracellular killing?
During the process of phagocytosis, what leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species?
During the process of phagocytosis, what leads to the formation of reactive oxygen species?
What is produced by the interaction between the superoxide anion and nitric oxide?
What is produced by the interaction between the superoxide anion and nitric oxide?
Which substance sequestrates iron to inhibit bacterial growth?
Which substance sequestrates iron to inhibit bacterial growth?
What is the process that induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) during antimicrobial action?
What is the process that induces the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthetase (iNOS) during antimicrobial action?
What type of receptor is involved in recognizing Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?
What type of receptor is involved in recognizing Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs)?
What is the role of the Fc receptor in phagocytosis?
What is the role of the Fc receptor in phagocytosis?
Which receptor directly binds to C3b complement component?
Which receptor directly binds to C3b complement component?
Which type of receptor directly binds various polyamines found on bacterial surfaces?
Which type of receptor directly binds various polyamines found on bacterial surfaces?
What happens when macrophages bind antigen through their Toll-like receptors?
What happens when macrophages bind antigen through their Toll-like receptors?
Which receptor is involved in enhancing the metabolic activity of phagocytes during phagocytosis?
Which receptor is involved in enhancing the metabolic activity of phagocytes during phagocytosis?
Which type of immune system receptor recognizes damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)?
Which type of immune system receptor recognizes damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs)?
Which transcription factor is activated by the detection of PAMPs by NOD-like receptors?
Which transcription factor is activated by the detection of PAMPs by NOD-like receptors?
Which type of receptor is involved in fungal recognition and modulation of the innate immune response?
Which type of receptor is involved in fungal recognition and modulation of the innate immune response?
Which type of receptor is located within the host cells and signals the presence of invaders in innate immune response?
Which type of receptor is located within the host cells and signals the presence of invaders in innate immune response?
Which type of receptor is expressed in the cytoplasm and detects viral RNA?
Which type of receptor is expressed in the cytoplasm and detects viral RNA?
Which type of receptor binds to carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner?
Which type of receptor binds to carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner?
Which type of receptor is responsible for production of Drosomycin, an antifungal peptide?
Which type of receptor is responsible for production of Drosomycin, an antifungal peptide?
Which immunity is designed to protect the body from injury or infection without prior contact with the infectious agent?
Which immunity is designed to protect the body from injury or infection without prior contact with the infectious agent?
What distinguishes innate immunity from adaptive immunity?
What distinguishes innate immunity from adaptive immunity?
Which component of innate immunity is primarily responsible for recognizing and eliminating pathogens?
Which component of innate immunity is primarily responsible for recognizing and eliminating pathogens?
What is the main function of PAMPs in the induction of innate immunity?
What is the main function of PAMPs in the induction of innate immunity?
In which line of defense are phagocytosis and inflammation primarily associated in the immune response?
In which line of defense are phagocytosis and inflammation primarily associated in the immune response?
What distinguishes the roles of humoral and cellular components in innate immunity?
What distinguishes the roles of humoral and cellular components in innate immunity?
Which enzyme is found in azurophilic granules and is responsible for degrading the bacterial cell wall?
Which enzyme is found in azurophilic granules and is responsible for degrading the bacterial cell wall?
What do secondary granules in mature PMN cells NOT contain for the production of toxic radicals?
What do secondary granules in mature PMN cells NOT contain for the production of toxic radicals?
Which factor is used by macrophages for intracellular killing mechanisms?
Which factor is used by macrophages for intracellular killing mechanisms?
What is the primary role of macrophages in response to danger signals at sites of pathogen entry?
What is the primary role of macrophages in response to danger signals at sites of pathogen entry?
Which receptors do phagocytes possess to bind microorganisms during phagocytosis?
Which receptors do phagocytes possess to bind microorganisms during phagocytosis?
What induces chemotaxis of macrophages towards the site of microbe entry?
What induces chemotaxis of macrophages towards the site of microbe entry?
Which receptor is involved in the activation of phagocytosis when C3b is bound to an antigen?
Which receptor is involved in the activation of phagocytosis when C3b is bound to an antigen?
Which receptor directly binds to polyamines found on bacterial surfaces to initiate phagocytosis?
Which receptor directly binds to polyamines found on bacterial surfaces to initiate phagocytosis?
Which receptor is involved in enhancing the metabolic activity of phagocytes during phagocytosis when antibodies are available?
Which receptor is involved in enhancing the metabolic activity of phagocytes during phagocytosis when antibodies are available?
Which receptor recognizes Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and leads to the secretion of cytokines by macrophages in preparation for an inflammatory reaction?
Which receptor recognizes Pathogen Associated Molecular Patterns (PAMPs) and leads to the secretion of cytokines by macrophages in preparation for an inflammatory reaction?
Which receptor is not involved in the direct binding of antigens or molecules on microorganisms?
Which receptor is not involved in the direct binding of antigens or molecules on microorganisms?
Which receptor is involved in the activation of phagocytosis in recurrent infections?
Which receptor is involved in the activation of phagocytosis in recurrent infections?
What is the main function of Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs)?
What is the main function of Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs)?
Which receptors are structurally related to Toll-like receptors and can detect pathogens in the cytoplasm?
Which receptors are structurally related to Toll-like receptors and can detect pathogens in the cytoplasm?
Which of the following is NOT a function of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)?
Which of the following is NOT a function of C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)?
What is the primary role of RIG-like receptors (RLRs) in the immune response?
What is the primary role of RIG-like receptors (RLRs) in the immune response?
How do RIG-like receptors (RLRs) contribute to the immune response?
How do RIG-like receptors (RLRs) contribute to the immune response?
Which receptor family binds to carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner?
Which receptor family binds to carbohydrates in a calcium-dependent manner?
What is the main characteristic of Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs) found in pigs?
What is the main characteristic of Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs) found in pigs?
How do NOD-like receptors (NLRs) contribute to the immune response upon detecting PAMPs?
How do NOD-like receptors (NLRs) contribute to the immune response upon detecting PAMPs?
What is the function of Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs) upon detecting microbial peptidoglycan?
What is the function of Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs) upon detecting microbial peptidoglycan?
What is a distinguishing feature of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) compared to Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?
What is a distinguishing feature of NOD-like receptors (NLRs) compared to Toll-like receptors (TLRs)?
What are the major lines of defense in the innate immunity?
What are the major lines of defense in the innate immunity?
Which cell does not belong to the polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)?
Which cell does not belong to the polymorphonuclear cells (PMN)?
Which protein is not part of the complement system?
Which protein is not part of the complement system?
Which of the following is not a function of the normal biota on the skin and digestive tract?
Which of the following is not a function of the normal biota on the skin and digestive tract?
Which of the following is not a function of neutrophils?
Which of the following is not a function of neutrophils?
Which of the following is not a function of lactoferrin and transferrin?
Which of the following is not a function of lactoferrin and transferrin?
Which of the following does not belong to the physical barriers of innate immunity?
Which of the following does not belong to the physical barriers of innate immunity?
Which of the following is not a function of interferons?
Which of the following is not a function of interferons?
Which of the following is not a function of NK cells?
Which of the following is not a function of NK cells?
Which of the following is not a function of the coagulative system?
Which of the following is not a function of the coagulative system?
Flashcards
Innate immunity
Innate immunity
The body's immediate and rapid response to infection or injury.
Non-antigen specific
Non-antigen specific
A type of immunity that doesn't involve specific recognition of pathogens.
First line of defense
First line of defense
The first line of defense that acts as a barrier against pathogens.
Adaptive immunity
Adaptive immunity
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Phagocytosis
Phagocytosis
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Antigen-specific
Antigen-specific
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Delayed immune response
Delayed immune response
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Bactericidal
Bactericidal
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Azurophilic granules
Azurophilic granules
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Cathepsin G
Cathepsin G
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Chemotaxis
Chemotaxis
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Lysosomes
Lysosomes
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Non-oxidative intracellular killing
Non-oxidative intracellular killing
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Myeloperoxidase
Myeloperoxidase
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Oxidative burst
Oxidative burst
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Peroxynitrite
Peroxynitrite
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Lactoferrin
Lactoferrin
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Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
Toll-like receptors (TLRs)
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iNOS induction
iNOS induction
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Fc receptor
Fc receptor
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Complement receptor
Complement receptor
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Scavenger receptor
Scavenger receptor
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Macrophage activation
Macrophage activation
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NOD-like receptors (NLRs)
NOD-like receptors (NLRs)
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NF-κB
NF-κB
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C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)
C-type lectin receptors (CLRs)
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RIG-like receptors (RLRs)
RIG-like receptors (RLRs)
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Natural immunity
Natural immunity
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Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs)
Peptidoglycan-recognition proteins (PGRPs)
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