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Questions and Answers
¿Cuál es la principal función de las barreras físicas en la inmunidad innata?
¿Qué tipo de inmunidad se caracteriza por una respuesta específica y retardada?
¿Qué tipo de células T juegan un papel crucial en la activación de las células B y los macrófagos?
¿Qué estrategia de desarrollo de vacunas se basa en la secuencia genómica de la bacteria?
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¿Qué tipo de inmunoglobulina proporciona protección a largo plazo en la madre y el feto?
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Study Notes
Immune Response to Bacterial Infections in Animals
Innate Immunity
- First line of defense against bacterial infections
- Non-specific response, providing immediate defense
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Mechanisms:
- Physical barriers (skin, mucous membranes)
- Phagocytic cells (neutrophils, macrophages)
- Antimicrobial peptides (defensins)
- Inflammatory response (chemokines, cytokines)
Adaptive Immunity
- Specific response to bacterial infections
- Delayed response compared to innate immunity
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Mechanisms:
- Cell-mediated immunity (T-cells)
- Humoral immunity (B-cells, immunoglobulins)
Cell-Mediated Immunity
- T-cells play a crucial role in combating bacterial infections
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Mechanisms:
- Cytotoxic T-cells (kill infected cells)
- T-helper cells (activate B-cells, macrophages)
- Regulatory T-cells (regulate immune response)
Vaccine Development
- Goal: induce protective immunity against bacterial infections
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Types of vaccines:
- Inactivated vaccines (killed or inactivated bacteria)
- Live attenuated vaccines (weakened bacteria)
- Subunit vaccines (specific bacterial components)
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Vaccine development strategies:
- Reverse vaccinology (genomic-based approach)
- Structural vaccinology (protein structure-based approach)
Immunoglobulins
- Antibodies produced by B-cells in response to bacterial infections
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Functions:
- Neutralize bacterial toxins and adhesins
- Mark bacteria for phagocytosis
- Activate complement system
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Types of immunoglobulins:
- IgG (maternal antibodies, long-term protection)
- IgM (early response, short-term protection)
- IgA (mucosal surfaces, local protection)
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Description
Aprende sobre la respuesta inmune innata y adaptativa contra infecciones bacterianas en animales, incluyendo la función de células inmunitarias y la desarrollo de vacunas. Desarrolla tus habilidades para comprender cómo el sistema inmunitario combate las infecciones bacterianas.
