Initiator tRNA and Protein Synthesis Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which tRNA is used as the initiator tRNA in protein synthesis?

  • A tRNA that recognizes the start codon
  • The same tRNA used to add methionine elsewhere in the protein (correct)
  • A tRNA that recognizes the stop codon
  • A different tRNA carrying a different amino acid

    • Where is the initiator tRNA added in the ribosome?

  • The E-site
  • The A-site
  • The P-site (correct)
  • The large subunit

    • What are eukaryotic initiator factors (eIFs)?

  • Proteins that aid in the elongation phase of protein synthesis
  • Proteins that recognize the stop codon
  • Proteins that recognize the 3' region of mRNA
  • Proteins that aid in the initiation phase of protein synthesis (correct)

    • Which region of the mRNA do eukaryotic initiator factors (eIFs) recognize?

    <p>5' region of mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When do eukaryotic initiator factors (eIFs) dissociate from the small subunit of the ribosome?

    <p>Before the small subunit assembles with the large subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where is the initiator tRNA added in the ribosome?

    <p>P-site</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true about the termination of translation?

    <p>Release factors bind to a ribosome with a stop codon in the A site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of release factors in translation termination?

    <p>They bind to a ribosome with a stop codon in the A site.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens when peptidyl transferase in the ribosome catalyzes the addition of H2O to peptidyl-tRNA?

    <p>The growing polypeptide chain is freed from tRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells can have more than 1 million ribosomes in them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many ribosomes can proceed along the length of a mRNA at any time?

    <p>More than 1 million ribosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about ribosomes in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells can have more than 1 million ribosomes in them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about the differences between RNA and DNA sugars?

    <p>RNA is made up of ribonucleotides while DNA is made up of deoxyribonucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about the bases found in both RNA and DNA?

    <p>Both RNA and DNA contain Guanine, Adenine, and Cytosine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which one of these is true about the base pairing in DNA?

    <p>In DNA, Adenine forms base pair with Thymine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme forms phosphodiester bonds between neighboring nucleotides in RNA synthesis?

    <p>RNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the direction of DNA transcription by RNA polymerase?

    <p>5'→3'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the substrates used by RNA polymerase during transcription?

    <p>Ribonucleoside triphosphates</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is more accurate in synthesizing nucleic acids?

    <p>DNA polymerase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

    <p>Linking ribonucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does RNA polymerase initiate an RNA chain?

    <p>Without the need for a primer</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cells have RNA polymerase II that transcribes genes encoding for proteins?

    <p>Eukaryotic cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does RNA polymerase II transcribe in eukaryotic cells?

    <p>mRNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main difference between the transcription process in prokaryotic cells and eukaryotic cells?

    <p>The presence of introns and exons</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a function of general transcription factors in transcription?

    <p>Help RNA polymerase attach to the promoter region of DNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which proteins are required by RNA polymerase II to facilitate transcription?

    <p>General transcription factors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of mutation results in the addition or deletion of a single amino acid?

    <p>Point mutation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which component of translation is responsible for matching tRNA molecules to codons in mRNA?

    <p>Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which position of the codon-anticodon pairing is the wobble position?

    <p>Third position</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases in translation?

    <p>To attach amino acids to tRNA molecules</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

    <p>It is a DNA sequence primarily composed of T and A</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about RNA splicing?

    <p>It is performed by spliceosomes, which are large complexes of proteins and RNA</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the poly-A tail in mRNA?

    <p>It stabilizes mRNA and facilitates its exit from the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the genetic code?

    <p>The start codon sets the correct reading frame</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

    <p>The TATA box is a DNA sequence primarily composed of T and A.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of transcriptional activators/repressors in gene expression?

    <p>They bind to specific DNA sequences to increase or decrease expression of specific genes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about RNA splicing?

    <p>RNA splicing is performed by spliceosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the poly-A tail in mRNA?

    <p>The poly-A tail stabilizes mRNA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about frame shift mutations?

    <p>Frame shift mutations alter the reading frame by adding or deleting 1 or 2 nucleotides.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about point mutations?

    <p>Missense mutations alter the nucleotide and result in the translation of the same amino acid.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of tRNA in translation?

    <p>tRNA carries amino acids to the ribosomes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of ribosomes in translation?

    <p>Ribosomes catalyze the formation of peptide bonds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the TATA box in eukaryotic promoters?

    <p>The TATA box is primarily composed of T and A nucleotides</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about RNA splicing?

    <p>RNA splicing is regulated by spliceosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the poly-A tail in mRNA?

    <p>The poly-A tail stabilizes mRNA and prevents degradation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about the genetic code?

    <p>The genetic code is non-redundant and each codon codes for a unique amino acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about frame shift mutations?

    <p>Frame shift mutations alter the reading frame by adding or deleting a single nucleotide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about point mutations?

    <p>Point mutations alter the reading frame by altering a single nucleotide.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about tRNA?

    <p>tRNA binds to codons on mRNA using its anti-codon.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is true about ribosomes?

    <p>Ribosomes are composed of ribosomal RNA and ribosomal proteins.</p> Signup and view all the answers

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