Information Systems in Business Process

Organizational Process

• Information systems must be aligned with business processes to enhance efficiency.
• Lee Bolman and Terrence Deal’s Four Frame Model provides a comprehensive view of organizations, consisting of Human Resource, Structural, Political, and Symbolic frames.

Structural Frame

• Defines roles and responsibilities within the organization.
• Focuses on establishing controls for effective coordination.
• Depicts the organization through structure and charts.

Human Resource Frame

• Emphasizes the alignment of organizational needs with employee satisfaction and motivation.
• Success is linked to nurturing and motivating employees.

Political Frame

• Considers individual and group interests within the organization.
• Building relationships and negotiating for resource allocation are crucial.
• Power dynamics and conflicts are essential factors to manage.

Symbolic Frame

• The culture of the organization influences behavior that supports its mission and vision.
• Utilizes stories, rituals, and ceremonies to foster motivation and unity among teams.

Organization Structure

• Clarifies the flow of authority and decision-making within the organization.
• Varies between organizations and adapts over time.
• Major structures include Functional, Divisional, Matrix, and Project-Based.

Functional Structure

• Groups employees with similar tasks or skills for efficient decision-making.
• Supports quick and adaptive decision processes.

Divisional Structure

• Facilitates coordination between different groups or divisions.
• Optimizes labor division, increasing output of varied products.

Matrix Structure

• Combines functional and product-based collaboration among team members.
• Encourages individual accountability and innovation.

Project-Based Structure

• Forms teams based on specific project requirements.
• Commonly utilized in IT and solution-based companies to ensure optimal resource allocation.

Methods in System Integration

• Facilitates data flow across various departments within an organization.
• Types of integration include Horizontal, Vertical, Star, and Common Data Format integrations.

Horizontal Integration

• Involves connecting subsystems with external subjects through a network, supporting seamless data transfer.

Vertical Integration

• Focuses on internal data sharing and communication, moving information from operational to management levels.
• Often requires expensive infrastructure for new functionalities.

Star Integration

• Characterized by multiple subsystem connections resembling a star formation.
• Commonly applied in mobile commerce (M-commerce) environments.

Common Data Format Integration

• Reduces the need for multiple data format conversions between applications.
• Utilizes middleware frameworks to enhance data flow across systems without significant database changes.

Advantages of System Integrations

• Increases overall productivity within the organization.
• Enhances management capabilities and analysis of operational data.
• Lowers operational costs while improving customer satisfaction.

Disadvantages of System Integrations

• Raises potential security issues that need to be addressed.
• Complicates the process of upgrading integrated systems.

System Architecture

• Involves the design of conceptual structures, behaviors, data flows, and system views.
• Critical for ensuring that systems function effectively and align with organizational goals.