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Questions and Answers
What is a key element in developing effective information and decision support systems?
Which stage of decision making involves choosing the best alternative?
What is a primary function of a Management Information System (MIS)?
When are Decision Support Systems (DSSs) typically used?
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What distinguishes a Group Support System (GSS) from a Decision Support System (DSS)?
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What is the main difference between programmed and nonprogrammed decisions?
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What distinguishes Decision Support Systems (DSS) from Management Information Systems (MIS)?
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Which component is essential in a Group Support System (GSS) for facilitating group decision-making?
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How do Executive Support Systems (ESS) differ from Decision Support Systems (DSS) in terms of target users?
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In the context of Management Information Systems (MIS), what is the primary function of Transaction Processing Systems (TPS)?
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Study Notes
Decision Making and Problem Solving
- Decision making is a component of problem solving, which includes implementation and monitoring
- Decision-making phases: intelligence stage, design stage, and choice stage
- Problem solving includes and goes beyond decision making, involving implementation and monitoring stages
Management Information Systems (MIS)
- An integrated collection of people, procedures, databases, and devices that provide the right information to the right person in the right format at the right time
- Purpose: to help an organization achieve its goals
- Inputs: internal data sources (TPS and ERP systems) and external data sources (customers, suppliers, competitors, and stockholders)
- Outputs: scheduled reports, demand reports, exception reports, and drill-down reports
- Functions: provide reports with fixed and standard formats, produce hard-copy and soft-copy reports, use internal data stored in computer systems, allow users to develop custom reports, and require user requests for reports developed by systems personnel
Functional Aspects of MIS
- Financial MIS: provides financial information to executives and others, including profit/loss and cost systems, auditing, and uses and management of funds
- Manufacturing MIS: monitors and controls the flow of materials, products, and services, including design and engineering, master production scheduling, inventory control, process control, and quality control and testing
- Marketing MIS: supports managerial activities in product development, distribution, pricing decisions, promotional effectiveness, and sales forecasting
- Human Resource MIS: concerned with activities related to employees and potential employees, including human resource planning, personnel selection and recruiting, training and skills inventory, scheduling and job placement, wage and salary administration, and outplacement
- Accounting MIS: provides aggregate information on accounts payable, accounts receivable, payroll, and many other applications
- Geographic Information System (GIS): capable of assembling, storing, manipulating, and displaying geographically referenced information
Decision Support Systems (DSS)
- An organized collection of people, procedures, software, databases, and devices used to help make decisions that solve problems
- Focus: on decision-making effectiveness regarding unstructured or semistructured business problems
- Capabilities: support for problem-solving phases, various decision frequencies, and various problem structures
- Components: database, model base, and user interface or dialogue manager
- Types: data-driven DSS, model-driven DSS, and group support systems (GSS)
Group Support Systems (GSS)
- Consists of most elements in a DSS, plus software to provide effective support in group decision-making settings
- Characteristics: special design, ease of use, flexibility, decision-making support, anonymous input, reduction of negative group behavior, parallel and unified communication, and automated record keeping
- Software: often called groupware or workgroup software, helps with joint work group scheduling, communication, and management
Executive Support Systems (ESS)
- Specialized DSS that includes hardware, software, data, procedures, and people used to assist senior-level executives
- Characteristics: tailored to individual executives, easy to use, have drill-down abilities, support the need for external data, can help with situations that have a high degree of uncertainty, and have a future orientation
- Capabilities: support for defining overall vision, strategic planning, strategic organizing and staffing, strategic control, and crisis management
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Description
Test your knowledge on decision making stages and the importance of implementation and monitoring in problem solving. This quiz is based on the principles and learning objectives covered in Chapter 6 of Information Systems Essentials, Sixth Edition.
