Podcast
Questions and Answers
What is one of the primary responsibilities of a hospital pharmacist?
What is one of the primary responsibilities of a hospital pharmacist?
Which of the following roles involves planning and implementing health and drug policy?
Which of the following roles involves planning and implementing health and drug policy?
What ethical principle primarily governs the behavior of pharmacists?
What ethical principle primarily governs the behavior of pharmacists?
Which task is specifically associated with the role of a medical representative?
Which task is specifically associated with the role of a medical representative?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a key responsibility of pharmacists working in industrial settings?
What is a key responsibility of pharmacists working in industrial settings?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of hospital pharmacists?
Which of the following is NOT a responsibility of hospital pharmacists?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a unique function of the military pharmacist's role?
What is a unique function of the military pharmacist's role?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following activities do governmental pharmacists NOT undertake?
Which of the following activities do governmental pharmacists NOT undertake?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary function of ethical codes in healthcare?
What is the primary function of ethical codes in healthcare?
Signup and view all the answers
Which principle emphasizes the importance of not causing harm in healthcare?
Which principle emphasizes the importance of not causing harm in healthcare?
Signup and view all the answers
What does 'Distributive Justice' in healthcare refer to?
What does 'Distributive Justice' in healthcare refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the role of veracity in healthcare ethics?
What is the role of veracity in healthcare ethics?
Signup and view all the answers
Which aspect of communication involves recognizing the patient's perspective?
Which aspect of communication involves recognizing the patient's perspective?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the 'superscription' of a prescription contain?
What does the 'superscription' of a prescription contain?
Signup and view all the answers
What principle focuses on acting with kindness and mercy in healthcare?
What principle focuses on acting with kindness and mercy in healthcare?
Signup and view all the answers
Which principle involves a patient's right to make informed decisions about their healthcare?
Which principle involves a patient's right to make informed decisions about their healthcare?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the characteristic of primary literature?
What is the characteristic of primary literature?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a potential limitation of secondary literature?
What is a potential limitation of secondary literature?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is a characteristic of tertiary literature?
Which of the following is a characteristic of tertiary literature?
Signup and view all the answers
What sequence should authors follow to publish in a journal?
What sequence should authors follow to publish in a journal?
Signup and view all the answers
Why is it important for pharmacists to evaluate original articles?
Why is it important for pharmacists to evaluate original articles?
Signup and view all the answers
How does publication in a respected journal affect the credibility of an article?
How does publication in a respected journal affect the credibility of an article?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of literature is likely to take years to publish and may miss recent developments?
What type of literature is likely to take years to publish and may miss recent developments?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following accurately describes the term 'blind review' in the publication process?
Which of the following accurately describes the term 'blind review' in the publication process?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of Aqua in liquid oral dosage forms?
What is the primary purpose of Aqua in liquid oral dosage forms?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is true about Elixir compared to Syrup?
Which of the following is true about Elixir compared to Syrup?
Signup and view all the answers
What distinguishes a Tincture from other liquid dosage forms?
What distinguishes a Tincture from other liquid dosage forms?
Signup and view all the answers
In which situation would parenteral dosage forms be particularly advantageous?
In which situation would parenteral dosage forms be particularly advantageous?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a semi-solid external dosage form?
Which of the following is NOT a semi-solid external dosage form?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the main characteristic of a Linctus?
What is the main characteristic of a Linctus?
Signup and view all the answers
What does the subscription in a prescription refer to?
What does the subscription in a prescription refer to?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is true about narcotic prescriptions?
Which of the following is true about narcotic prescriptions?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the primary purpose of pharmacopeias?
What is the primary purpose of pharmacopeias?
Signup and view all the answers
What is the purpose of Fred's Rule in dose calculation?
What is the purpose of Fred's Rule in dose calculation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which type of incompatibility involves precipitation or complexation?
Which type of incompatibility involves precipitation or complexation?
Signup and view all the answers
Which organization acts as a regulator for the safety and effectiveness of medicines?
Which organization acts as a regulator for the safety and effectiveness of medicines?
Signup and view all the answers
In what manner should quantities of narcotic substances be written on prescriptions?
In what manner should quantities of narcotic substances be written on prescriptions?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following best describes the role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
Which of the following best describes the role of the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)?
Signup and view all the answers
When calculating a child's dose based on weight, which formula is correct?
When calculating a child's dose based on weight, which formula is correct?
Signup and view all the answers
What type of organization is the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)?
What type of organization is the International Pharmaceutical Federation (FIP)?
Signup and view all the answers
What does therapeutic incompatibility generally involve?
What does therapeutic incompatibility generally involve?
Signup and view all the answers
Which of the following is NOT a task for community pharmacists?
Which of the following is NOT a task for community pharmacists?
Signup and view all the answers
The Egyptian Pharmaceutical Society is responsible for which of the following tasks?
The Egyptian Pharmaceutical Society is responsible for which of the following tasks?
Signup and view all the answers
What is a primary role of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP)?
What is a primary role of the American Association of Colleges of Pharmacy (AACP)?
Signup and view all the answers
Study Notes
Information Resources in Pharmacy
- Pharmacists need reliable and current information, but the challenge is separating credible from questionable sources.
Drug Information
- Drug information should be:
- Current
- Critically examined
- Relevant to the specific circumstances under consideration.
Drug Information Resources
-
Primary Literature: This forms the foundation of the literature ranking system.
- It is the source material for secondary and tertiary literature, and consists of original research, written in the authors' own words.
- The process involves researchers conducting a study, completing it, and authors writing the results in a standard manuscript format.
- Then the paper is submitted to the journal for review. Reviewers then send their comments to the editor, who decides if the work is good enough for publication.
Limitations of Primary Resources
- Publication in a reputable journal increases the credibility of the information, but does not guarantee accuracy.
Secondary Literature
- Secondary sources contain information taken from primary sources, often modified, selected, rearranged, or summarized.
- This is typically done by someone other than the original author.
- This is usually done for a specific scientific audience.
- Examples include drug use and indices like Index Medicus.
Limitations of Secondary Resources
- Secondary sources are interpretations of a primary study, so important information may be misrepresented.
- It is vital to consult the original article, as abstracts often don't cover all aspects of the study.
Tertiary Literature
- Tertiary sources are derived from both primary and secondary sources.
- It may take years to publish a textbook, so the information they contain may not reflect the latest developments in the field.
- Examples of tertiary resources include textbooks, monographs, and the Merck Index.
Pharmacopeias
- Official publications created by highly specialized persons (in pharmacy & medicine).
- These must be approved by international or governmental agencies
- They include drug formularies.
Pharmaceutical Organizations
| Name | Type | Role |
|---|---|---|
| International Pharmaceutical | International | Improve global health by advancing pharmacy practice |
Ethical Codes and Standards
- Ethical codes provide health care professionals with guidelines to guide their practice.
- They offer frameworks for handling difficult situations or questionable ethical questions.
- Examples of ethical principles and moral roles include autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence, distributive justice, confidentiality, fidelity, and veracity.
The Prescription
- A written order from the physician to the pharmacist.
- Contains necessary information like patient name, address, date.
- The superscription uses the Rx symbol
- Includes physician instructions (subsciption) and directions for the patient.
- The pharmacist puts information on a medicine container label.
Avoiding Illegible Prescriptions
- Patients must ensure prescriptions are legible before leaving the doctor's office, as computer-printed prescriptions are becoming more common.
Classes of Prescription Order
- Pre-compounded: Pharmacist dispenses without alteration
- Extemporaneous/Compounded: Pharmacist prepares medication for patient.
- Narcotic: Includes drugs similar to morphine or those specifically mentioned by law and requires detailed recording.
Dose calculation
- Methods like age-based, weight-based, and BSA-based calculation are used to determine appropriate doses
Checking Incompatibility
- Physical incompatibility (precipitation, complexation, liquefaction) is easily handled by pharmacists.
- Chemical incompatibility needs an understanding of chemical reactions.
Therapeutic Incompatibility
- This involves drug synergism or antagonism.
Dosage Errors
- Dose errors may occur due to overdoses or frequent dosage administration beyond usual doses, which may increase toxicity or decrease the drug's effectiveness.
Dosage Forms (Solids)
- Powders: Dry preparation with divided particles.
- Granules: Agglomerate powder particles, irregular shape.
- Capsules: Solid dosage forms that contain medication within a gelatin shell (hard or soft)
Dosage Forms (Liquids)
- Aqua: Water is used as a vehicle.
- Mixtures/Mistures: Solutions or suspensions containing solid and/or liquid components.
- Syrups: Viscous liquids for oral administration containing sugar and flavor.
Dosage Forms (Semi-Solids)
- Suppositories, creams, ointments, plasters, poultsies: Solid dosage forms for the body's openings and cavities
- Liquids: Topical liquids, gargles, enemas and others
- Parenteral: Liquids (IV, SC, IM)
Routes of Administration
- Oral, Buccal, Rectal, Vaginal, Inhalation, Topical, Parenteral.
- Parenteral includes IV, SC, IM.
Studying That Suits You
Use AI to generate personalized quizzes and flashcards to suit your learning preferences.
Related Documents
Description
Explore the essential resources and strategies pharmacists use to find reliable drug information. This quiz covers the characteristics of primary literature, the importance of critically examining drug information, and the limitations encountered in sourcing credible resources. Test your knowledge on the foundations of pharmacy information resources!
