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Influenza Virus Structure and Classification

Learn about the structure of the influenza virus, including the Hemagglutinin (H) spikes for cell attachment and Neuraminidase (N) spikes for cell release. Explore how viral strains are classified based on antigenic differences in the H and N spikes, as well as their protein coats (A, B, and C).

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Questions and Answers

Where is the substance mentioned in the text ultimately carried to?

The small intestine

What is the substance that is 'coughed up in sputum, swallowed, finally carried to the small intestine'?

Mucus

What is the purpose of the substance being carried to the small intestine?

Digestion of food

What process is described in the given text?

<p>The movement of a substance through the digestive system</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism causes diphtheria?

<p>Bacteria</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where does the membrane form in diphtheria?

<p>Throat</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary concern with the membrane formation in diphtheria?

<p>It can block the passage of air</p> Signup and view all the answers

What components are present in the membrane formed in diphtheria?

<p>Fibrin and dead human and bacterial cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is fibrin?

<p>A type of protein found in blood</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of spikes found in the outer lipid bilayer of the virus?

<p>Hemagglutinin (H) and Neuraminidase (N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are viral strains identified?

<p>By antigenic differences in H and N spikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of Hemagglutinin (H) spikes?

<p>Attachment to host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Neuraminidase (N) spikes are responsible for which function?

<p>Releasing virus from cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are viral strains divided based on antigenic differences?

<p>H and N spikes, and protein coats (A, B, and C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What substance is being carried to the small intestine according to the text?

<p>An unspecified substance</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary role of the substance being carried to the small intestine?

<p>The text does not provide enough information to determine the role</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of organism is responsible for the process described in the text?

<p>The text does not specify the type of organism</p> Signup and view all the answers

Where is the substance mentioned in the text ultimately carried to?

<p>The small intestine</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main focus of the given text?

<p>The text does not provide enough information to determine the main focus</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can block the passage of air in diphtheriae?

<p>Membrane containing fibrin and dead cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which components are found in the membrane that forms in diphtheriae?

<p>Fibrin and dead human cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary characteristic of the membrane in diphtheriae?

<p>Contains fibrin and blocks air passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition results from the blockage caused by the membrane in diphtheriae?

<p>Impaired breathing</p> Signup and view all the answers

What potential consequence can arise from a membrane forming in diphtheriae?

<p>Obstruction of the air passage</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the two types of spikes that project from the outer lipid bilayer of the virus?

<p>Hemagglutinin (H) and neuraminidase (N)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of the Hemagglutinin (H) spikes?

<p>To facilitate viral entry into host cells</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are viral strains identified?

<p>By antigenic differences in their H and N spikes</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of neuraminidase (N) spikes?

<p>To release the virus from the host cell</p> Signup and view all the answers

How are viral strains divided based on antigenic differences?

<p>By differences in their protein coat (A, B, and C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

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