43 Questions
Which segment of the influenza virus genome codes for a shorter protein PB1-F2?
Segment 2
What is the function of the non-structural protein NS1 in the influenza virus?
Interfering with host cell immune response
What facilitates fusion of viral envelope with the endosomal membrane in the influenza virus?
Cleavage of HA by cellular proteases
Which part of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein binds to sialic acid on cell surface receptors?
HA1 subunit
Where does nucleocapsids enter for mRNA synthesis and RNA replication?
Nucleus
Which protein is involved in 'pinching' the budding virions from the plasma membrane?
M2
What do inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block in influenza virus replication?
Replication of influenza virus
What is the primary function of the viral protein M2?
Form an ion channel allowing protons to weaken M1-nucleocapsid interaction
What happens to each genomic RNA segment after transcription?
Segments 1-6 are exported directly to the cytoplasm
What is a potential consequence of targeting M2 with antiviral drugs?
Viral mutations leading to drug resistance
What is the role of matrix protein (M1) and NS2 in relation to nucleocapsids?
Export nucleocapsids from the nucleus
What is required for orthomyxoviruses to replicate?
Complex machinery for viral replication in the nucleus
What do capped cellular pre-mRNAs serve as in influenza virus replication?
Primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs
Where do viral envelope proteins assemble before being incorporated into budding virions?
ER and Golgi
What do viral mRNAs terminate in?
Poly(A) tail
What is the primary role of Uni-12 and Uni-13 sequences in the context of influenza virus?
They are universal primers for PCR amplification
What is the function of the non-structural protein NS1 in influenza virus?
Evasion of host immune response
What is the role of the viral protein M2 in the influenza virus life cycle?
Acts as a proton channel for viral uncoating
What is the consequence of HA cleavage by cellular proteases?
Activation of fusion with endosomes
What is the role of M2 in influenza virus replication?
Forming an ion channel to weaken the interaction of M1 with nucleocapsids
What happens to each genomic RNA segment after transcription in influenza virus?
Exported directly to the cytoplasm
What do inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block in influenza virus replication?
The replication of influenza virus
What is the function of the non-structural protein NS1 in the influenza virus?
Interfering with host cell antiviral response
What is a potential consequence of targeting M2 with antiviral drugs?
Viral mutations leading to drug resistance
What do capped cellular pre-mRNAs serve as in influenza virus replication?
Primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs
Where does nucleocapsids enter for mRNA synthesis and RNA replication?
The nucleus
Which part of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein binds to sialic acid on cell surface receptors?
The globular head domain
What facilitates fusion of viral envelope with the endosomal membrane in influenza virus?
Hemagglutinin (HA) protein
What is the role of the non-structural protein NS1 in influenza virus?
Inhibiting host cell mRNA processing and export
Which segment of the influenza virus genome codes for a shorter protein PB1-F2?
Segment 2
What facilitates fusion of viral envelope with the endosomal membrane in the influenza virus?
Cleavage of HA by cellular proteases
What is the primary role of Uni-12 and Uni-13 sequences in the context of influenza virus?
Serving as highly conserved universal primers
What is the role of M2 in influenza virus replication?
Forming an ion channel that allows protons to enter the virus
What is the consequence of targeting M2 with antiviral drugs?
Viral mutations leading to drug resistance
What do capped cellular pre-mRNAs serve as in influenza virus replication?
Primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs
What do inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block in influenza virus replication?
Synthesis of viral mRNAs
Where do viral envelope proteins assemble before being incorporated into budding virions?
Golgi apparatus
What is required for orthomyxoviruses to replicate?
Replication in the nucleus with machinery for mRNA synthesis and RNA replication
What happens to each genomic RNA segment after transcription?
Exported directly to the cytoplasm
What is the function of the non-structural protein NS1 in influenza virus?
Interfering with host immune response
What is the primary function of the viral protein M2?
Forming an ion channel that allows protons to enter the virus
Which part of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein binds to sialic acid on cell surface receptors?
Head region
What is a potential consequence of targeting M2 with antiviral drugs?
Viral mutations leading to drug resistance
Study Notes
Influenza Virus Replication and Antiviral Targets
- The viral protein M2 forms an ion channel that allows protons to enter the virus, weakening the interaction of M1 with nucleocapsids
- M2 is a target for antiviral drugs, but drug resistance can occur due to viral mutations
- M2 is a relatively small protein that forms a tetramer and creates a small pore in the virus envelope
- Nucleocapsids enter the nucleus where mRNA synthesis and RNA replication occur
- Orthomyxoviruses replicate in the nucleus, requiring complex machinery for viral replication
- Nucleocapsids are exported from the nucleus in a complex with matrix protein (M1) and NS2
- Capped cellular pre-mRNAs are used as primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs
- Inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block the replication of influenza virus
- Each genomic RNA segment contains a stretch of poly-U and viral mRNAs terminate in poly(A) tail
- Transcription generates a set of 8 viral mRNAs, with segments 1-6 exported directly to the cytoplasm
- Viral envelope proteins transverse through the ER and Golgi to assemble in the plasma membrane
- M2 is involved in "pinching" the budding virions from the plasma membrane
Influenza Virus Replication and Antiviral Targets
- The viral protein M2 forms an ion channel that allows protons to enter the virus, weakening the interaction of M1 with nucleocapsids
- M2 is a target for antiviral drugs, but drug resistance can occur due to viral mutations
- M2 is a relatively small protein that forms a tetramer and creates a small pore in the virus envelope
- Nucleocapsids enter the nucleus where mRNA synthesis and RNA replication occur
- Orthomyxoviruses replicate in the nucleus, requiring complex machinery for viral replication
- Nucleocapsids are exported from the nucleus in a complex with matrix protein (M1) and NS2
- Capped cellular pre-mRNAs are used as primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs
- Inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block the replication of influenza virus
- Each genomic RNA segment contains a stretch of poly-U and viral mRNAs terminate in poly(A) tail
- Transcription generates a set of 8 viral mRNAs, with segments 1-6 exported directly to the cytoplasm
- Viral envelope proteins transverse through the ER and Golgi to assemble in the plasma membrane
- M2 is involved in "pinching" the budding virions from the plasma membrane
Influenza Virus Replication and Antiviral Targets
- The viral protein M2 forms an ion channel that allows protons to enter the virus, weakening the interaction of M1 with nucleocapsids
- M2 is a target for antiviral drugs, but drug resistance can occur due to viral mutations
- M2 is a relatively small protein that forms a tetramer and creates a small pore in the virus envelope
- Nucleocapsids enter the nucleus where mRNA synthesis and RNA replication occur
- Orthomyxoviruses replicate in the nucleus, requiring complex machinery for viral replication
- Nucleocapsids are exported from the nucleus in a complex with matrix protein (M1) and NS2
- Capped cellular pre-mRNAs are used as primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs
- Inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block the replication of influenza virus
- Each genomic RNA segment contains a stretch of poly-U and viral mRNAs terminate in poly(A) tail
- Transcription generates a set of 8 viral mRNAs, with segments 1-6 exported directly to the cytoplasm
- Viral envelope proteins transverse through the ER and Golgi to assemble in the plasma membrane
- M2 is involved in "pinching" the budding virions from the plasma membrane
Test your knowledge of the highly conserved sequences, protein coding, and non-coding regions in the influenza virus genome. Learn about RNA polymerase subunits, envelope glycoprotein, neuraminidase, and alternate splicing.
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