Influenza Virus Genome and Protein Coding
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Questions and Answers

Which segment of the influenza virus genome codes for a shorter protein PB1-F2?

  • Segment 2 (correct)
  • Segment 4
  • Segment 3
  • Segment 6

    • What is the function of the non-structural protein NS1 in the influenza virus?

  • Interfering with host cell immune response (correct)
  • Assisting in viral genome replication
  • Regulating viral RNA transcription
  • Facilitating viral envelope fusion with endosomal membrane

    • What facilitates fusion of viral envelope with the endosomal membrane in the influenza virus?

  • Formation of HA trimers on virus surface
  • Cleavage of HA by cellular proteases (correct)
  • Presence of sialic acid residues
  • Exposure of N-terminal of HA to the outside of the virion

    • Which part of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein binds to sialic acid on cell surface receptors?

    <p>HA1 subunit</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does nucleocapsids enter for mRNA synthesis and RNA replication?

    <p>Nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protein is involved in 'pinching' the budding virions from the plasma membrane?

    <p>M2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block in influenza virus replication?

    <p>Replication of influenza virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the viral protein M2?

    <p>Form an ion channel allowing protons to weaken M1-nucleocapsid interaction</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to each genomic RNA segment after transcription?

    <p>Segments 1-6 are exported directly to the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of targeting M2 with antiviral drugs?

    <p>Viral mutations leading to drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of matrix protein (M1) and NS2 in relation to nucleocapsids?

    <p>Export nucleocapsids from the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for orthomyxoviruses to replicate?

    <p>Complex machinery for viral replication in the nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do capped cellular pre-mRNAs serve as in influenza virus replication?

    <p>Primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do viral envelope proteins assemble before being incorporated into budding virions?

    <p>ER and Golgi</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do viral mRNAs terminate in?

    <p>Poly(A) tail</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Uni-12 and Uni-13 sequences in the context of influenza virus?

    <p>They are universal primers for PCR amplification</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the non-structural protein NS1 in influenza virus?

    <p>Evasion of host immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the viral protein M2 in the influenza virus life cycle?

    <p>Acts as a proton channel for viral uncoating</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of HA cleavage by cellular proteases?

    <p>Activation of fusion with endosomes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of M2 in influenza virus replication?

    <p>Forming an ion channel to weaken the interaction of M1 with nucleocapsids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to each genomic RNA segment after transcription in influenza virus?

    <p>Exported directly to the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block in influenza virus replication?

    <p>The replication of influenza virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the non-structural protein NS1 in the influenza virus?

    <p>Interfering with host cell antiviral response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of targeting M2 with antiviral drugs?

    <p>Viral mutations leading to drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do capped cellular pre-mRNAs serve as in influenza virus replication?

    <p>Primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where does nucleocapsids enter for mRNA synthesis and RNA replication?

    <p>The nucleus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein binds to sialic acid on cell surface receptors?

    <p>The globular head domain</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitates fusion of viral envelope with the endosomal membrane in influenza virus?

    <p>Hemagglutinin (HA) protein</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the non-structural protein NS1 in influenza virus?

    <p>Inhibiting host cell mRNA processing and export</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which segment of the influenza virus genome codes for a shorter protein PB1-F2?

    <p>Segment 2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What facilitates fusion of viral envelope with the endosomal membrane in the influenza virus?

    <p>Cleavage of HA by cellular proteases</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary role of Uni-12 and Uni-13 sequences in the context of influenza virus?

    <p>Serving as highly conserved universal primers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of M2 in influenza virus replication?

    <p>Forming an ion channel that allows protons to enter the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the consequence of targeting M2 with antiviral drugs?

    <p>Viral mutations leading to drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do capped cellular pre-mRNAs serve as in influenza virus replication?

    <p>Primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block in influenza virus replication?

    <p>Synthesis of viral mRNAs</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Where do viral envelope proteins assemble before being incorporated into budding virions?

    <p>Golgi apparatus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is required for orthomyxoviruses to replicate?

    <p>Replication in the nucleus with machinery for mRNA synthesis and RNA replication</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What happens to each genomic RNA segment after transcription?

    <p>Exported directly to the cytoplasm</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of the non-structural protein NS1 in influenza virus?

    <p>Interfering with host immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of the viral protein M2?

    <p>Forming an ion channel that allows protons to enter the virus</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which part of the hemagglutinin (HA) protein binds to sialic acid on cell surface receptors?

    <p>Head region</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a potential consequence of targeting M2 with antiviral drugs?

    <p>Viral mutations leading to drug resistance</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Influenza Virus Replication and Antiviral Targets

    • The viral protein M2 forms an ion channel that allows protons to enter the virus, weakening the interaction of M1 with nucleocapsids
    • M2 is a target for antiviral drugs, but drug resistance can occur due to viral mutations
    • M2 is a relatively small protein that forms a tetramer and creates a small pore in the virus envelope
    • Nucleocapsids enter the nucleus where mRNA synthesis and RNA replication occur
    • Orthomyxoviruses replicate in the nucleus, requiring complex machinery for viral replication
    • Nucleocapsids are exported from the nucleus in a complex with matrix protein (M1) and NS2
    • Capped cellular pre-mRNAs are used as primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs
    • Inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block the replication of influenza virus
    • Each genomic RNA segment contains a stretch of poly-U and viral mRNAs terminate in poly(A) tail
    • Transcription generates a set of 8 viral mRNAs, with segments 1-6 exported directly to the cytoplasm
    • Viral envelope proteins transverse through the ER and Golgi to assemble in the plasma membrane
    • M2 is involved in "pinching" the budding virions from the plasma membrane

    Influenza Virus Replication and Antiviral Targets

    • The viral protein M2 forms an ion channel that allows protons to enter the virus, weakening the interaction of M1 with nucleocapsids
    • M2 is a target for antiviral drugs, but drug resistance can occur due to viral mutations
    • M2 is a relatively small protein that forms a tetramer and creates a small pore in the virus envelope
    • Nucleocapsids enter the nucleus where mRNA synthesis and RNA replication occur
    • Orthomyxoviruses replicate in the nucleus, requiring complex machinery for viral replication
    • Nucleocapsids are exported from the nucleus in a complex with matrix protein (M1) and NS2
    • Capped cellular pre-mRNAs are used as primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs
    • Inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block the replication of influenza virus
    • Each genomic RNA segment contains a stretch of poly-U and viral mRNAs terminate in poly(A) tail
    • Transcription generates a set of 8 viral mRNAs, with segments 1-6 exported directly to the cytoplasm
    • Viral envelope proteins transverse through the ER and Golgi to assemble in the plasma membrane
    • M2 is involved in "pinching" the budding virions from the plasma membrane

    Influenza Virus Replication and Antiviral Targets

    • The viral protein M2 forms an ion channel that allows protons to enter the virus, weakening the interaction of M1 with nucleocapsids
    • M2 is a target for antiviral drugs, but drug resistance can occur due to viral mutations
    • M2 is a relatively small protein that forms a tetramer and creates a small pore in the virus envelope
    • Nucleocapsids enter the nucleus where mRNA synthesis and RNA replication occur
    • Orthomyxoviruses replicate in the nucleus, requiring complex machinery for viral replication
    • Nucleocapsids are exported from the nucleus in a complex with matrix protein (M1) and NS2
    • Capped cellular pre-mRNAs are used as primers for synthesis of viral mRNAs
    • Inhibitors of cellular RNA synthesis block the replication of influenza virus
    • Each genomic RNA segment contains a stretch of poly-U and viral mRNAs terminate in poly(A) tail
    • Transcription generates a set of 8 viral mRNAs, with segments 1-6 exported directly to the cytoplasm
    • Viral envelope proteins transverse through the ER and Golgi to assemble in the plasma membrane
    • M2 is involved in "pinching" the budding virions from the plasma membrane

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    Test your knowledge of the highly conserved sequences, protein coding, and non-coding regions in the influenza virus genome. Learn about RNA polymerase subunits, envelope glycoprotein, neuraminidase, and alternate splicing.

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