Influenza Virus Evolution and Vaccination Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is a characteristic of pandemic influenza?

Introduction of a new coronavirus strain

Introduction of a new influenza B virus strain

Introduction of a new influenza A virus strain (correct)

Introduction of a new rhinovirus strain

What are the clinical symptoms associated with influenza virus infection?

Gradual onset of low-grade fever, joint pain, and gastrointestinal symptoms

Gradual onset of cough, runny nose, and fatigue

Rapid onset of high fever, chills, myalgia, and respiratory symptoms (correct)

Sudden onset of rash, sore throat, and headache

What are the potential respiratory complications of influenza viral pneumonia?

Sore throat, hoarseness, and difficulty swallowing

Dyspnea, cyanosis, and death within 48 hours of symptom onset (correct)

Runny nose, sneezing, and nasal congestion

Cough, wheezing, and chest discomfort

What is a consequence of influenza viral infection on lung function?

Decreased lung function due to obstruction of small airways Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of genetic variation in influenza viruses that can lead to epidemics and pandemics?

Antigenic shift and drift Signup and view all the answers

Which protein serves as the viral attachment protein for influenza virus?

Hemagglutinin (HA) Signup and view all the answers

Which bacterial pathogen is most commonly associated with severe illnesses and deaths during influenza viral infections?

S. pneumoniae Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate diameter range of the influenza A/B virion?

80 to 100 nm Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins are used to differentiate influenza A from B or C viruses?

M1, M2, NP Signup and view all the answers

What are the stages involved in influenza virus replication?

Binding, uncoating, transcription, translation, genome replication, release Signup and view all the answers

Which viral protein serves as a proton pump?

M2 Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drug is only effective against Influenza A and reduces systemic symptoms by 1-2 days?

Amantadine Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of the Neuraminidase protein in Influenza virus?

Enzymatically shaving off sialic acid residue from the surface of an infected cell Signup and view all the answers

Which antiviral drugs inhibit Influenza A and B by inhibiting the enzymatic activity of neuraminidase?

Zanamivir and Oseltamivir Signup and view all the answers

Which type of interferons are produced by cells in response to viral infection?

Type I Interferons (INF-α and INF-β) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of PA subunit in Influenza virus?

It has endonuclease activity, aiding in viral protein synthesis Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of action of Amantadine and rimantadine against Influenza virus?

They block the hydrogen ion channel formed by the viral M2 protein Signup and view all the answers

Which type of influenza virus primarily infects pigs and cows?

Influenza D Signup and view all the answers

What is the main reason for yearly vaccinations against influenza?

Antigenic drift Signup and view all the answers

Which type of influenza virus undergoes antigenic shift?

Influenza A Signup and view all the answers

What do inactivated subunit influenza vaccines contain?

Extracts or purified HA and NA proteins from different strains Signup and view all the answers

What is the main difference between antigenic drift and shift?

Drift refers to minor changes, while shift refers to major changes in HA and NA proteins Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Influenza Virus Evolution and Vaccination

Influenza C causes mild disease, while Influenza D primarily infects pigs and cows
The 2009 pandemic originated from a type A H1N1 reassortant circulating in pigs
Antigenic drift and shift refer to minor and major changes in HA and NA proteins, affecting antigenicity
Antigenic drift occurs in both influenza A and B, while antigenic shift is exclusive to type A
Yearly vaccinations are necessary due to antigenic drift, which can lead to epidemics and pandemics
The inactivated subunit influenza vaccines contain extracts or purified HA and NA proteins from different strains
Influenza A is zoonotic, with avian, human, and swine strains having 8 independent genomic segments
Coinfection of swine cells allows for reassortment of segments, resulting in H1N1 influenza A capable of infecting humans
Influenza B and C do not have a non-human host, so they do not undergo shift
The 2019-2020 flu vaccine contained strains such as A/Hawaii/70/2019 (H1N1) and A/HongKong/45/2019 (H3N2)
The 2023-2024 flu vaccine in the U.S. will include strains like A/Victoria/4897/2022 (H1N1) and B/Austria/1359417/2021 (B/Victoria lineage)
Quadrivalent flu vaccines protect against four different influenza viruses: one H1N1 virus, one H3N2 virus, one B/Victoria virus, and one B/Yamagata virus

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Description

Test your knowledge of influenza virus evolution and vaccination with this quiz. Explore topics like antigenic drift and shift, zoonotic transmission, reassortment, and the composition of influenza vaccines. Stay up to date with the latest strains included in flu vaccines and understand the importance of yearly vaccinations.