Org. Change Ch. 5 (Matching)

Autocracy = Absolute government with power held by an individual or small group Bureaucracy = Rule exercised through use of the written word and based on rational-legal authority Technocracy = Rule exercised through use of knowledge, expert power, and problem-solving abilities Codetermination = Form of rule where opposing parties combine in joint management of mutual interests

Power = The capacity to overcome resistance, exert will, and produce results consistent with interests and objectives Politics = The practice of power, including overt and covert actions to favor interests Political behavior = Activities not required as part of an individual’s formal role but attempts to influence the distribution of advantages and disadvantages within the organization Organizational politics = Preventing people from participating in affairs that concern them

Power = Capacity to influence others and control resources Political behavior = Utilizing power to favor personal interests through actions within an organization Autocracy = System of government where power is held by an individual or small group Technocracy = Rule exercised through the use of knowledge and problem-solving abilities

<p>Bureaucracy = Rule based on written word and rational-legal authority Codetermination = Joint management of mutual interests by opposing parties Organizational politics = Practice of power and includes both overt and covert actions to favor personal interests within an organization Poli$cs = Act of preventing people from taking part in affairs which properly concern them</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resolve conflicts = Intervene and make rulings to resolve a conflict situation Raise the heat = Turn up the heat on a group to force fresh thinking Ensure or develop support of key power groups = Identify individuals and groups who have the power to assist or block change Build in stability = Use power to ensure some things remain the same</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Conduct a power audit = Identify who holds sufficient power to assist or block change Identify key power groups = Step to ensure or develop the support of key power groups Generate energy in support of change = Use leader behavior to generate energy in support of the change Create stability using symbols and language = Use symbols and language to create energy</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Identify power holders for change = Identify who holds sufficient power to assist change or work against it Compare power and motivation for change = Compare the power of individuals or groups to block change with their desire or motivation to do so Intervene in conflicts = Step to ensure or develop the support of key power groups Confront a group with information about its performance = Using leader behavior to generate energy in support of the change</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Competing = Creates a win/lose situation, may lead to negative feelings and damaged relationships. Collaborating = Creates a win/win outcome, results in high-quality solutions through inputs of both parties. Compromising = Partially satisfies the needs of both parties, requires trading resources, can lead to future collaborations. Avoiding = Does not address the problem, allows a cooling-off period and the gathering of more information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Negative power = Characterized by the need for dominance, about control and manipulation of others. Positive power = Derived from a more socialized need to initiate, influence, and lead, about empowering others. Power over meaning = Altering values and norms, involves 'spin' to justify change for self and organizational gain. System power = Lies with the organization and its culture and structure, influences change and difficult to alter.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Resistance to change = Organizational control = Power struggles = Functional conflict = Leads to positive performance, inspires innovation and self-criticism.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Contestation of power and authority = Perceptions of collective injury = Social occlusion = Occurrence of forbidden forms of dissent =</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Encourage openness = Model appropriate responses = Provide summaries and restatements of positions = Involve neutral third parties =</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Build a containment space = A safe space to express dissenting opinions without repercussions. Leverage dissident voices = Give importance to dissident opinions and don't suppress them. Encourage reflection and reassessment = Utilize group strengths =</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional gated = Fully controlled by gatekeepers Dormant gated = Possess one attribute, such as relationship with gatekeeper, and communicate only within the prevailing agenda Potential gated = Have two attributes, such as the ability to produce and exchange information, and rely on reciprocity from gatekeepers Bounded gated = Have three attributes, such as political power, alternatives, and information, but lack communication channels with gatekeepers</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling decisions and covert power = Influence outcomes through non-decision making and manipulation Expert or knowledge power = Comes from accepting judgments of those with specialized knowledge Symbolic power = Manipulation of symbols to create organizational environments and beliefs Personal power = Derives from the characteristics of individuals, such as energy, ability to read others, and personal toughness</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Social roles = One of the reasons for women's underrepresentation in boards Placement in non-strategic roles = One of the reasons for women's underrepresentation in boards Child-bearing and childcare = One of the reasons for women's underrepresentation in boards Differences in upward influence tactics = One of the reasons for women's underrepresentation in boards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Rationality = An upward influence tactic Coalition = An upward influence tactic Ingratiation = An upward influence tactic Exchange = An upward influence tactic</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Upward appeal = Higher level managers' support for ideas and plans Gender differences in influence tactics = Men using assertive methods and women using ingratiation and collaboration Lines of organizational power = Lines of supply, lines of information, and lines of support Sources of organizational conflict = Interdependence, organizational structures, rules and regulations, and resource limitations can lead to conflict</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Unitarist perspective = Assumes organizations are united Pluralist perspective = Recognizes common and divergent interests that lead to conflict Strategies for managing conflict = Unitarist managers may try to suppress conflict and exclude opposition from decisions, while others prioritize production and people when managing conflict Conflict-handling styles = Competing, collaborating, compromising, avoiding, and accommodating</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Self-promotion = Women may be less likely to self-promote Cultural differences = Affect organizational practices, requiring care in assumptions and adaptations Position and powerlessness = Some employees feel powerless due to their positions, lacking resources, information, support, and cooperation Organizational politics, power, and conflict = Assumes organizations are united</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Traditional authority = Rooted in long-standing traditions and customs Charismatic authority = Based on the personal charm and appeal of the leader Rational-legal authority = Derived from established laws and procedures</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Positional (legitimate) power = Associated with a person's formal position in a hierarchy Expert power = Derives from skills and knowledge Referent power = Based on charisma and ability to attract others to a cause</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Force = Using coercion or physical strength to influence behavior Rules and procedures = Influencing behavior through established regulations and processes Exchange = Influencing through offering rewards or benefits</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical power = Derived from bodily strength or capabilities Resource power = Associated with control over distribution of rewards or resources Positional power = Legitimate authority based on formal position in an organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Push (imposing costs) = Using negative consequences to influence behavior Pull (offering rewards) = Influencing through positive incentives or rewards</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Invisible power = Control of information as a form of influencing others Negative power = Involves the ability to prevent or stop actions or decisions</p> Signup and view all the answers