Inflammatory Responses Part 1 Acute Inflammation

<p>Mild and self-limited injury (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Persistent cellular infiltration (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Necrosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They transform into macrophages. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chronic autoimmune diseases (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To initiate healing processes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Scar formation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunological, physical, and chemical agents (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Phagocytosis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They may cause further damage to surrounding tissues (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Endothelial cell contraction (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Neutrophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>A mechanism that marks particles for engulfment (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Erythrocytes (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotaxis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Protease and Lipase (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Suppurative inflammation (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cytokines (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Recruiting immune cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increases blood vessel permeability (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Chemotaxis of neutrophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Mast cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Acute inflammation has a rapid onset, while chronic inflammation persists over time. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Enhance chemotaxis for specific leukocytes (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Vasodilation and pain response (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Small proteins that mediate and regulate immune and inflammatory reactions.

Examples of cytokines, often pro-inflammatory.

A cytokine that can induce fever and recruits immune cells.

A vasoactive amine released by mast cells that dilates blood vessels.

Lipid compounds that cause vasodilation, fever, and pain, produced by different cells.

Chemicals that attract neutrophils, often accompanying histamine and prostaglandins.

Small proteins that attract specific types of white blood cells.

A rapid inflammatory response characterized by redness, heat, swelling, and pain.

Inflammation is a local response of tissue to injury, triggered by various stimuli such as microbes, immune reactions, physical damage, or chemical agents.

The classical signs of inflammation are redness (rubor), heat (calor), swelling (tumor), and pain (dolor).

Exudates are the fluid and cellular components that leak out of blood vessels into inflamed tissue. They contain fluids, proteins, and cells like white blood cells, helping to fight the injury.

Exudates are crucial for fighting infection and repairing damaged tissue. They provide immune cells and signaling molecules to the injured area.

Inflammation is a protective response that aims to eliminate the initial cause of injury, remove damaged tissue, and initiate tissue repair.

Inflammation is classified into acute and chronic. Acute inflammation is a short-term, rapid response to injury or infection, characterized by redness, swelling, heat, and pain. Chronic inflammation persists for a longer duration, often with less prominent signs of inflammation and tissue damage.

Neutrophils are the dominant cell type in acute inflammation. These cells are attracted to the site of injury and help fight off infection.

Chronic inflammation is characterized by the presence of macrophages, lymphocytes, and other immune cells. These cells play a role in long-term tissue damage and repair.

Cardinal signs are the classic signs of inflammation, including redness, heat, swelling, pain, and loss of function. They are typically seen in acute inflammation.

Key vascular events include vasodilation, increased vascular permeability, and fluid leakage into the affected area. These events facilitate the delivery of immune cells and other factors needed for healing.

Chronic inflammation can be caused by persistent infections, autoimmune diseases, and prolonged exposure to irritants. These factors contribute to long-term tissue damage and inflammation.

Tissue necrosis refers to cell death due to injury or lack of oxygen. Examples include heart attacks, burns, frostbite, and collections of dead tissue (abscesses).

Immune reactions, such as hypersensitivity reactions and autoimmune diseases, can trigger inflammation. These reactions involve the immune system attacking its own tissues or overreacting to environmental triggers.

A slowdown or complete cessation of blood flow in the smallest blood vessels, known as capillaries.

A condition where the walls of blood vessels become more porous, allowing fluids and cells to leak out into surrounding tissues.

Increased vascular permeability can be caused by endothelial cell contraction, endothelial injury (direct or leucocyte-induced), increased transcytosis of fluids, and leakage from newly formed blood vessels.

The process by which white blood cells (leucocytes) are attracted to the site of inflammation.

The process by which cells engulf and destroy foreign particles, such as bacteria or cellular debris.

The two main types of phagocytic cells are neutrophils, part of the early inflammatory response, and monocytes/macrophages.

The process of coating foreign particles with antibodies or complement proteins, making them more easily recognizable and susceptible to phagocytosis.

Neutrophils and macrophages release proteolytic enzymes like protease, collagenase, elastase, and lipase when they reach an inflamed tissue site.