Chronic Inflammation Overview
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Questions and Answers

What type of granulomatous inflammation is associated with sarcoidosis?

  • Foreign body granulomas
  • Granulomas of unknown etiology (correct)
  • Infectious granulomas
  • Necrotizing granulomas

Which of the following is NOT a type of infectious granuloma?

  • Toxoplasmosis
  • Tuberculosis
  • Leprosy
  • Asbestosis (correct)

What type of cells are predominantly found in chronic inflammation?

  • Macrophages (correct)
  • Eosinophils
  • Neutrophils
  • Lymphocytes

Which type of granuloma is primarily formed by fused macrophages?

<p>Giant cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which classification of granulomatous inflammation includes silicosis?

<p>Foreign body granulomas (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In acute inflammation, which cell type is primarily responsible for pus formation?

<p>Neutrophils (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true regarding the cells found in chronic inflammation?

<p>Eosinophils may also be present. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which pair correctly associates a granulomatous condition with its etiology?

<p>Sarcoidosis - Granulomas of unknown etiology (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of chronic inflammation?

<p>Inflammation, tissue destruction, and healing occur simultaneously. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following conditions can lead to chronic inflammation?

<p>Silicosis due to prolonged exposure to toxic agents. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells mainly infiltrate the tissues during chronic inflammation?

<p>Mononuclear cells. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What may occur as a result of chronic inflammatory reactions?

<p>Tumor development. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of these statements about the causes of chronic inflammation is true?

<p>Atherosclerosis can lead to chronic inflammation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a morphologic feature of chronic inflammation?

<p>Extensive necrosis. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a key mediator in the process of chronic inflammation?

<p>Cytokines. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Chronic inflammation may develop from a failure of the immune system after what type of inflammation?

<p>Acute inflammation. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of agent can cause chronic inflammation through constant exposure?

<p>Environmental toxins. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typical of chronic inflammation?

<p>Presence of cardinal signs (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What typically follows acute inflammation and is characterized by the same microscopic features, regardless of the irritant?

<p>Chronic non-specific inflammation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following features is characteristic of granulomatous inflammation?

<p>Presence of epithelioid cells (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of cells are primarily found in a granuloma?

<p>Epithelioid cells (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT typically associated with granulomas?

<p>Fluid exudate (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How is chronic specific inflammation primarily distinguished from chronic non-specific inflammation?

<p>Formation of granulomas (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the attempts by tissues to repair themselves during chronic inflammation?

<p>Fibrosis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements about tissue exudate in chronic inflammation is accurate?

<p>It is usually scanty. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In granulomas, which cells are typically aggregated in a circumscribed collection?

<p>Activated macrophages (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a typical feature of chronic inflammation?

<p>Long-lasting tissue adaptation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Chronic Inflammation

Inflammation lasting weeks to years, where inflammation, tissue damage, and healing occur together.

Cause of Chronic Inflammation

Failure of the immune system after acute inflammation or gradual onset due to infections (e.g., TB), exposure to harmful substances (e.g., silica), diseases, or atherosclerosis.

Mononuclear Cells

Cells like macrophages that are central in chronic inflammation.

Tissue Destruction

Damage to tissues caused by the persistent trigger or inflammatory cells in chronic inflammation.

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Healing Attempts

Efforts to repair damaged tissue through blood vessel growth and scarring (fibrosis).

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Cytokines

Molecules that prolong and amplify the inflammatory response.

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Tuberculosis (TB)

An infection that can cause chronic inflammation.

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Silicosis

Lung disease caused by prolonged silica exposure, leading to chronic inflammation.

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Atherosclerosis

A condition with a gradual onset where plaque builds up in the arteries, chronically inflaming the blood vessels

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Granulomatous Inflammation

Chronic inflammation characterized by the formation of granulomas, clusters of immune cells.

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Granuloma Etiology

Causes of granulomas can be unknown (sarcoidosis, Crohn's), foreign bodies (silica), or infections (TB, leprosy).

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Foreign Body Granuloma

Granulomas formed in response to foreign materials like silica or surgical sutures.

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Infectious Granuloma

Granulomas caused by infections like tuberculosis (TB), leprosy, or fungi.

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Necrotizing Granuloma

Granulomas with cell death (necrosis) in the center, often associated with infections.

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Macrophages (Chronic)

Dominant immune cells in chronic inflammation; derived from monocytes.

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Giant Cells

Large cells formed by fusion of macrophages, often found in granulomas.

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Chronic Inflammation Cells

Cells like macrophages, lymphocytes, and plasma cells that are dominant in prolonged tissue inflammation.

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Chronic Inflammation

Long-lasting inflammation (weeks to years), involving ongoing tissue damage and repair attempts.

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Granuloma

A specific type of chronic inflammation characterized by a collection of immune cells, often with a central area of damage.

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Chronic Non-Specific Inflammation

Type of chronic inflammation following acute inflammation, where the irritant doesn't determine the microscopic features.

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Chronic Specific Inflammation

Type of chronic inflammation, similar microscopically to non-specific, but with unique features due to the irritant.

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Epithelioid Cells

Activated macrophages, a key cell type in granulomas.

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Multinucleated Giant Cells

Large cells formed by the fusion of multiple immune cells, often found in granulomas.

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Absence of Neutrophils

A notable characteristic of chronic inflammation; neutrophils are mostly absent.

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Scanty Fluid Exudate

Little fluid build-up a characteristic of chronic inflammation.

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Tissue Destruction

Damage to tissues, a part of the ongoing process in chronic inflammation.

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Fibrosis

Scar tissue formation, part of the repair attempt in chronic inflammation.

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Study Notes

Chronic Inflammation

  • Definition:
    • Inflammation of prolonged duration ("weeks to years")
    • In which inflammation, tissue destruction & healing occurs in same time in varying combinations.
    • The chronic inflammatory reactions may promote tumor development.

Causes of Chronic Inflammation

  • May follow acute inflammation due to failure of immunity.
  • May start chronic by gradual onset due to:
    • Infection with resistant organisms that are difficult to eradicate, such as T.B.
    • Prolonged exposure to potentially toxic agents, e.g. Silicosis, atherosclerosis
    • Development of hypersensitivity diseases/autoimmunity

Morphologic Features

  • Infiltration with mononuclear cells: Chronic inflammation is mediated by cytokines → amplify and prolong the inflammatory reaction.
  • Tissue destruction: induced by the persistent offending agent or by the inflammatory cells.
  • Attempts at healing: replacement of damaged tissue, by proliferation of small blood vessels (and fibrosis).

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Description

This quiz explores the definition, causes, and morphological features of chronic inflammation. Understanding chronic inflammation is crucial for recognizing its role in various diseases, including tumor development. Dive into the mechanisms behind prolonged inflammatory responses and their implications.

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