Inflammatory Mediators Quiz
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Questions and Answers

Which enzyme isoform is needed for gastrointestinal protection and normal renal blood flow?

  • FLAP protein
  • COX1 (correct)
  • Phospholipase A2
  • COX2
  • What is the main effect of NSAIDs in the context of arachidonic acid pathways?

  • Block leukotrienes and increase prostaglandins
  • Have no effect on either prostaglandins or leukotrienes
  • Increase both prostaglandins and leukotrienes
  • Block prostaglandins and increase leukotrienes (correct)
  • Which type of fatty acid is arachidonic acid?

  • C20 saturated fatty acid
  • C20 trans fatty acid
  • C20 polyunsaturated fatty acid (correct)
  • C20 monounsaturated fatty acid
  • What are eicosanoids considered in terms of their function?

    <p>Local hormones with specific effects on target cells close to their site of formation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells mainly secrete ILs?

    <p>Monocytes/macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells secrete TNFs?

    <p>Monocytes/macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells mainly secrete TGF$eta$2?

    <p>Platelets</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines are involved in local effects on endothelium and fibroblasts?

    <p>IL-1 and TNF$eta$2</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in systemic cytokine effects leading to acute phase protein production?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which pathway leads to the activation of C3a, C4a, and C5a?

    <p>Both pathways</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are C3a, C4a, and C5a collectively called?

    <p>Anaphylatoxins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which diseases are mentioned in the context of inflammation and inflammatory disease?

    <p>Asthma, CAD, Cancer, Alzheimer’s disease, Diabetes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes?

    <p>Cyclooxygenase (COX-1)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of receptors do prostanoids act on?

    <p>DP, EP, FP, IP, and TP receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediators play a role in the inflammatory response and promote leukocyte adhesion?

    <p>Eicosanoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator acts as a vasodilator and pain-producing agent?

    <p>Bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukotriene receptor is involved in macrophage activation and cytokine secretion?

    <p>CysLT1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is involved in hematopoiesis, inflammation, and the immune response?

    <p>IL-6</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which leukotriene receptor antagonist is used in the treatment of asthma?

    <p>Montelukast</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the enzyme responsible for synthesizing leukotrienes?

    <p>Lipoxygenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the distinct physiological effects of prostanoids on tissues?

    <p>Smooth muscle contraction and relaxation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator is involved in blood clotting and immune system modulation?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis produce?

    <p>Anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator is synthesized via cyclo-oxygenase?

    <p>Prostanoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells mainly secrete IL-1?

    <p>Monocytes/macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator acts as a vasodilator and pain-producing agent?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What effect does inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis produce?

    <p>Increased vascular permeability</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokines are involved in local effects on endothelium and fibroblasts?

    <p>TNFα and IL-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator is involved in blood clotting and immune system modulation?

    <p>Thromboxanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cells are involved in systemic cytokine effects leading to acute phase protein production?

    <p>Macrophages</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main effect of NSAIDs in the context of arachidonic acid pathways?

    <p>Inhibition of leukotriene synthesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acid is arachidonic acid?

    <p>Polyunsaturated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme is involved in the synthesis of leukotrienes?

    <p>Lipoxygenase</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which receptor type is involved in macrophage activation and cytokine secretion?

    <p>CysLT1 receptor</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator is involved in vasodilatation, platelet aggregation, and bronchodilation?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is involved in the regulation of sleep/wake cycles?

    <p>TNFα</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of leukotriene receptor antagonist is used in the treatment of asthma?

    <p>CysLT1 receptor antagonist</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which enzyme isoform is needed for gastrointestinal protection and normal renal blood flow?

    <p>COX-1</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator acts as a vasoactive peptide and is potentiated by prostaglandins?

    <p>Bradykinin</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of fatty acid is arachidonic acid?

    <p>Polyunsaturated fatty acid</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator plays a role in fever, blood pressure regulation, and immune system modulation?

    <p>Prostaglandins</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of receptors do prostanoids act on?

    <p>DP, EP, FP, IP, and TP receptors</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which chemical mediator is involved in blood clotting and immune system modulation?

    <p>Thromboxanes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cytokine is involved in inflammation and the immune response?

    <p>TNFα</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Cell-Derived Mediators of Inflammation

    • Eicosanoids have roles in inflammation, fever, blood pressure regulation, blood clotting, immune system modulation, tissue growth, and sleep/wake cycle regulation.
    • Eicosanoids are chemical mediators derived from phospholipids, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, and play important roles in inflammation and cell damage.
    • There are two types of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
    • Prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes, are synthesized via cyclo-oxygenase and have distinct physiological effects on tissues.
    • Prostanoids act on various receptors, such as DP, EP, FP, IP, and TP, and have diverse physiological effects, including smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, fever, and vasodilation.
    • Prostaglandins, such as PGD2, PGE2, and PGI2, are involved in inflammation, vasodilatation, platelet aggregation, and bronchodilation.
    • Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis can produce anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects.
    • Leukotrienes, synthesized via lipoxygenases, play a role in the inflammatory response, promoting leukocyte adhesion, and vasoconstriction.
    • Leukotriene receptors, including CysLT1 and CysLT2, are involved in macrophage activation and cytokine secretion.
    • Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as zafirlukast and montelukast, are used in the treatment of asthma.
    • Bradykinin, a vasoactive peptide, acts as a vasodilator and pain-producing agent, with its action potentiated by prostaglandins.
    • Cytokines, including INFα, IFN, TNFα, TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-11, are involved in hematopoiesis, inflammation, and the immune response.

    Cell-Derived Mediators of Inflammation

    • Eicosanoids have roles in inflammation, fever, blood pressure regulation, blood clotting, immune system modulation, tissue growth, and sleep/wake cycle regulation.
    • Eicosanoids are chemical mediators derived from phospholipids, including prostaglandins, thromboxanes, and leukotrienes, and play important roles in inflammation and cell damage.
    • There are two types of cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, COX-1 and COX-2, which are involved in the production of prostaglandins and thromboxanes.
    • Prostanoids, including prostaglandins, prostacyclin, and thromboxanes, are synthesized via cyclo-oxygenase and have distinct physiological effects on tissues.
    • Prostanoids act on various receptors, such as DP, EP, FP, IP, and TP, and have diverse physiological effects, including smooth muscle contraction and relaxation, fever, and vasodilation.
    • Prostaglandins, such as PGD2, PGE2, and PGI2, are involved in inflammation, vasodilatation, platelet aggregation, and bronchodilation.
    • Inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis can produce anti-inflammatory and anti-pyretic effects.
    • Leukotrienes, synthesized via lipoxygenases, play a role in the inflammatory response, promoting leukocyte adhesion, and vasoconstriction.
    • Leukotriene receptors, including CysLT1 and CysLT2, are involved in macrophage activation and cytokine secretion.
    • Cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, such as zafirlukast and montelukast, are used in the treatment of asthma.
    • Bradykinin, a vasoactive peptide, acts as a vasodilator and pain-producing agent, with its action potentiated by prostaglandins.
    • Cytokines, including INFα, IFN, TNFα, TNF, IL-1, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-11, are involved in hematopoiesis, inflammation, and the immune response.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge of cell-derived mediators of inflammation with this quiz. Explore the roles of eicosanoids, prostaglandins, leukotrienes, cyclooxygenase enzymes, prostanoids, and cytokines in the inflammatory response and immune system modulation.

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