Immune Response and Inflammatory Mediators Quiz (Lec 19)

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Questions and Answers

How are phagocytes involved in defence against bacterial invasion?

Phagocytes release antibodies to neutralize bacteria

Phagocytes prevent bacterial adhesion to host cells

Phagocytes engulf and digest bacteria to eliminate them from the body (correct)

Phagocytes produce toxins to kill bacteria

What is the role of T-cell receptors and MHC molecules in the functioning of T cells?

MHC molecules directly attack pathogens

T-cell receptors produce antibodies to neutralize pathogens

MHC molecules inhibit T-cell activation

T-cell receptors recognize antigens presented by MHC molecules on infected cells (correct)

What is the clonal selection theory related to?

Generation of antibody diversity (correct)

Production of cytokines

Activation of cytotoxic T cells

Formation of physical barriers against pathogens

What is the primary function of cytotoxic T cells?

To destroy infected host cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the distinction between self and nonself important for in animal defense systems?

To differentiate between body's own cells and foreign cells Signup and view all the answers

What are nonspecific defenses also known as?

Innate defenses Signup and view all the answers

What do specific defenses protect against?

Specific targets Signup and view all the answers

What is the humoral immune response associated with?

B cells Signup and view all the answers

What are natural defenses against disease based on?

The distinction between self and nonself Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of immunization?

To stimulate the immune system to develop immunity to specific pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What are specific defenses also known as?

Adaptive mechanisms Signup and view all the answers

What are nonspecific defenses inherited mechanisms for?

Protecting the body from various pathogens Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of selectins, integrins, and chemotaxins in the acute inflammatory response?

Promote inflammation and attract phagocytes to the site of injury Signup and view all the answers

What happens to histamine and complement signaling when phagocytes are no longer attracted to the infected tissue?

They cease, returning the tissue to normal Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of phagocytes in the immune response?

Engulf bacteria and dead cells in infected tissue Signup and view all the answers

How many characteristics does the immune system have?

Four Signup and view all the answers

How many different antigenic determinants can the human immune system respond to?

An estimated 10 million Signup and view all the answers

What does the immune system do with normal cells' antigenic determinants?

Leaves them alone Signup and view all the answers

What happens during a secondary immune response?

Occurs much more rapidly due to immunological memory Signup and view all the answers

Which cells are involved in the humoral immune response?

B cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of T cells in the immune system?

Recognize and bind specific antigenic determinants and destroy virus-infected or mutated cells Signup and view all the answers

Which proteins play key roles in defending against disease?

Antibodies, T cell receptors, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, and cytokines Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of B cells in the immune system?

Produce antibodies that bind specific substances Signup and view all the answers

What happens when the body encounters an antigen for the first time?

A primary immune response is activated Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

The Immune Response and Inflammatory Mediators

Acute inflammatory response involves the release of inflammatory mediators from injured tissue cells, resulting in inflammation signs and chemical mediators such as selectins, integrins, and chemotaxins.
Phagocytes move into infected tissue and engulf bacteria and dead cells, and histamine and complement signaling cease when phagocytes are no longer attracted, returning the tissue to normal.
Phagocytosis involves phagocytes avoiding attacking host cells and killing engulfed bacteria with reactive oxidative burst.
The immune system has four characteristics: specificity, diversity, distinguishing self from nonself, and immunological memory.
The human immune system can distinguish and respond to an estimated 10 million different antigenic determinants.
The immune system distinguishes self from nonself and leaves normal cells' antigenic determinants alone.
The immune system remembers pathogens and mounts future responses more rapidly.
The immune system has two responses against invaders: the humoral immune response (B cells) and the cellular immune response (T cells).
Four groups of proteins play key roles in defending against disease: antibodies, T cell receptors, major histocompatibility complex (MHC) proteins, and cytokines.
B cells produce antibodies that bind specific substances and operate in concert with T cells.
T cells recognize and bind specific antigenic determinants and destroy virus-infected or mutated cells.
When the body encounters an antigen for the first time, a primary immune response is activated, and a secondary immune response occurs much more rapidly due to immunological memory.

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Description

Test your knowledge of the immune response and inflammatory mediators with this quiz. Explore topics such as acute inflammatory response, phagocytosis, immune system characteristics, antigen recognition, B and T cell responses, and immunological memory. Learn about the key proteins involved in defending against disease and how the immune system distinguishes self from nonself.