28 Questions
What are the cardinal signs of acute inflammation?
Swelling, redness, and heat
What is the major problem associated with chronic inflammation?
Contributes to almost every chronic Western disease
What are the steps of inflammation?
Acute inflammation, immune response, chronic inflammation
What is the overall incidence of inflammatory diseases?
25%
Which receptor subtype is responsible for mediating mast cell chemotaxis?
H4
Which generation of H1 antihistamines was withdrawn from the market due to cardiotoxicity?
20 generation
Which receptor subtype is responsible for stimulating gastric acid secretion?
H2
Which H1 antihistamine is sedating?
Triprolidine
Which generation of H1 antihistamines usually crosses the blood-brain barrier?
1st generation
Which receptor subtype controls the release of dopamine, GABA, ACh, 5-HT, and NE?
H3
Which receptor subtype is involved in feedback inhibition of histamine synthesis and release?
H3
Which H1 antihistamine does not cause sedation?
Fexofenadine
Which generation of H1 antihistamines do not cause relevant side effects in the absence of drug interactions?
2nd generation
Which receptor subtype is responsible for CNS depression and increased sedation?
H1
Which H1 antihistamine is usually administered once or twice a day?
Loratidine
Which receptor subtype is found in peripheral NS and controls the release of various neurotransmitters?
H3
Which of the following is true regarding acute inflammation?
It involves alteration of vascular caliber and increased blood flow
Which cells are the first inflammatory cells attracted to the site of injury?
Neutrophils
What is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?
It involves immune cells, mediators, cell/tissue damage, and repair
Which of the following is a chemical mediator of inflammation?
Cytokines
What are neutrophils involved in?
Phagocytosis and release of oxygen radicals
What do basophils and mast cells secrete?
Histamine and leukotrienes
What do macrophages secrete?
Factors promoting inflammatory responses and fever
What do T lymphocytes express?
T cell receptors
What do B lymphocytes produce?
Different immunoglobulin classes
Where is histamine preformed and stored?
Mast cells and basophils
What are the cellular mediators involved in chronic inflammation?
Macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts
Which cells are involved in phagocytosis and release of oxygen radicals?
Neutrophils
Study Notes
Inflammation: Acute vs Chronic and Cellular Mediators
- Acute inflammation involves alteration of vascular caliber, vasodilation, increased blood flow, and swelling
- Neutrophils are the first inflammatory cells attracted to the site of injury
- Acute inflammation resolves within hours to days
- Chronic inflammation is persistent, involving immune cells, mediators, cell/tissue damage, and repair
- Chronic inflammation leads to fibrous scarring and involves macrophages, lymphocytes, plasma cells, endothelial cells, and fibroblasts
- Chemical mediators of inflammation include vasoactive amines, cytokines, arachidonic acid derivatives, PAF, lysosomal enzymes, reactive oxygen species, and nitric oxide
- Neutrophils are short-lived cells involved in phagocytosis and release oxygen radicals, enzymes, and lysosomes
- Basophils and mast cells secrete histamine, leukotrienes, and prostaglandins, contributing to vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and edema
- Macrophages are activated by antigens or cytokines and secrete factors promoting inflammatory responses, fever, and innate immunity
- T lymphocytes express T cell receptors and interact with antigen-presenting cells, playing a role in immune responses
- B lymphocytes produce different immunoglobulin classes and are activated by T helper cells
- Histamine is preformed and stored in mast cells and basophils and is responsible for vasodilation, bronchoconstriction, and edema
Test your knowledge of inflammation with this quiz on acute vs chronic inflammation and the cellular mediators involved. Explore the roles of neutrophils, macrophages, T lymphocytes, B lymphocytes, mast cells, and basophils, as well as the chemical mediators of inflammation.
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