Inflammation Overview and Cellular Response
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Questions and Answers

Main cells involved in inflammation include which of the following?

  • Neutrophils
  • Monocytes (macrophages)
  • Lymphocytes
  • All of the above (correct)
  • In acute inflammation of the lung (acute bronchopneumonia), eosinophils fill the alveolar spaces and blood vessels are congested.

    False (B)

    What is the typical granuloma resulting from?

    Infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis

    Swollen, congested and haemorrhagic appendix covered by thick creamy _________ exudate on the serosa.

    <p>fibrinopurulent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are some histologic features of chronic inflammation in the lung?

    <p>Collection of chronic inflammatory cells, destruction of parenchyma, and replacement by connective tissue.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following are main cells involved in inflammation?

    <p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a typical granuloma resulting from infection with Mycobacterium tuberculosis showing?

    <p>Central area of caseous necrosis, activated epithelioid macrophages, giant cells, and a peripheral accumulation of lymphocytes.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Describe the gross description of the appendix in appendicitis.

    <p>Swollen, congested and haemorrhagic appendix covered by thick creamy fibrinopurulent exudate on the serosa. The mucosa is ulcerated and the lumen contains pus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    Inflammation

    A biological response to harmful stimuli, causing immune activation.

    Neutrophils

    White blood cells that respond quickly to sites of infection or injury.

    Monocytes

    Immune cells that differentiate into macrophages during inflammation.

    Macrophages

    Large immune cells that engulf and digest cellular debris and pathogens.

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    Lymphocytes

    White blood cells that help the body adapt to specific infections or antigens.

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    Acute Inflammation

    A short-term inflammatory response that appears quickly after injury.

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    Chronic Inflammation

    A prolonged inflammatory response that can last for months or years.

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    Appendicitis

    Acute inflammation of the appendix, often requiring surgical removal.

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    Microscopy in inflammation

    The use of microscopes to examine tissues during inflammation assessment.

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    Acute vs Chronic

    Contrast between short-lived and persistent inflammatory responses.

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    Acute vs Chronic Inflammation

    Comparison of immediate vs. prolonged inflammatory processes.

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    Role of Neutrophils

    Act as the first line of defense against infection or injury.

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    Monocyte maturation

    Monocytes develop into macrophages to fight longer-lasting threats.

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    Study Notes

    Inflammation Overview

    • Inflammation is a complex biological response to harmful stimuli, including pathogens, damaged cells, and irritants.
    • It's characterized by various cellular and vascular reactions aimed at eliminating the harmful agent and initiating tissue repair.

    Main Cells Involved in Inflammation

    • Neutrophils: First responders in the inflammatory process, crucial in acute inflammation. They are phagocytic cells and engulf pathogens.
    • Monocytes (macrophages): Phagocytic cells, crucial for both acute and chronic inflammation. They play a role in antigen presentation and initiating tissue repair.
    • Lymphocytes: Crucial in chronic inflammation. These include B and T cells which play a key role in the adaptive immune response.

    Acute Inflammation

    • Characterized by a rapid response.
    • Key features include redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function.
    • Microscopic findings often show neutrophils dominating the inflammatory infiltrate.

    Chronic Inflammation

    • A sustained inflammatory response, often lasting for prolonged periods.
    • Characterized by chronic inflammation.
    • Involves lymphocytes, macrophages, and other immune cells.
    • Microscopic examination reveals a diverse cellular infiltrate with lymphocytes, macrophages as well as fibrosis (scar tissue formation).

    Chronic Granuloma

    • A distinctive form of chronic inflammation, forming a granuloma.
    • Features a granuloma, a structure characterised by a central area of necrosis, activated macrophages, giant cells, and a surrounding accumulation of lymphocytes.
    • Often associated with infections, such as tuberculosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis can cause granulomas.

    Acute vs Chronic Inflammation

    • Acute inflammation is a rapid response to injury, and generally characterized by neutrophils, while chronic inflammation is a prolonged response often associated with macrophages and lymphocytes. Chronic inflammation can lead to tissue damage and fibrosis. Acute inflammation is a temporary response, whereas chronic inflammation persists longer.

    Appendicitis (Acute Inflammation)

    • Appendicitis describes the inflammation of the appendix, a small, finger-like pouch attached to the large intestine.
    • Gross features of acute appendicitis include a swollen, congested and hemorrhagic appendix often containing pus, covered by fibrinopurulent exudate.
    • Microscopic features include transmural, acute inflammation (infiltration of neutrophils throughout the appendix wall), mucosal ulceration, and serosal exudates. The lumen may contain pus.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the multifaceted process of inflammation, highlighting key cellular players such as neutrophils, monocytes, and lymphocytes. Learn about the characteristics and types of inflammation, including acute and chronic responses. Test your knowledge on this critical biological response and its implications in tissue repair.

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