Immune Response: Macrophages and Inflammation

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In which bones does hemopoiesis take place in adults?

Carpal and tarsal bones

Membranous bones and proximal part of long bones (correct)

Cranial bones only

Flat bones of the pelvis

What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO)?

Stimulating erythropoiesis, essential for red blood cell production (correct)

Maintaining the balance of electrolytes in the blood

Regulating the production of platelets

Stimulating the production of white blood cells

What is the main stimulus for EPO release?

Electrolyte imbalance

High arterial blood pressure

Tissue hypoxia (correct)

Hypercapnia

What is the function of ferritin in the body?

Storing iron Signup and view all the answers

What percentage of erythropoietin is produced in the liver?

10% Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of neutrophils in the body?

To destroy bacteria and fungi through phagocytosis Signup and view all the answers

What is the normal daily dietary intake of vitamin B12?

1-2 mg Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the body's ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful materials or abnormal cells?

Immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the percentage of lymphocytes in the total white blood cell count?

20-30% Signup and view all the answers

What is the function of basophils in the body?

To release heparin and histamine Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a condition where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced?

Anemia Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of hemosiderin?

To store iron in a poorly available form Signup and view all the answers

What is the effect of hepcidin on iron homeostasis?

It inhibits the mobilization of iron from stores and the absorption of dietary iron Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of vitamin B12 in the body?

It is essential for DNA synthesis and the formation of RBC Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a function of folate?

Regulating plasma iron levels Signup and view all the answers

What is the relationship between folate and folic acid?

Folic acid is itself not biologically active Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of phagocytosis?

To engulf and digest foreign materials Signup and view all the answers

What are the molecules that coat microbes and enhance their phagocytosis?

Opsonins Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of activated macrophages in the inflammatory response?

To secrete cytokines and present antigens Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the process by which white blood cells enter the tissue spaces?

Diapedesis Signup and view all the answers

What are the four main signs of acute inflammation?

Rubor, Calor, Tumor, and Dolor Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of cytokines in the inflammatory response?

To stimulate and regulate immune responses Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune system?

To play a role in adaptive immunity Signup and view all the answers

What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?

To recognize and destroy cancer cells Signup and view all the answers

What is the main characteristic of the adaptive immune system?

It provides a selective attack against a particular target Signup and view all the answers

Which type of immune response is antibody-mediated?

Humoral immunity Signup and view all the answers

What determines whether a lymphocyte matures into a B cell or T cell?

The location in the body where it becomes immunocompetent Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary function of interferons (IFNs)?

To interfere with viral replication Signup and view all the answers