28 Questions
In which bones does hemopoiesis take place in adults?
Membranous bones and proximal part of long bones
What is the primary function of erythropoietin (EPO)?
Stimulating erythropoiesis, essential for red blood cell production
What is the main stimulus for EPO release?
Tissue hypoxia
What is the function of ferritin in the body?
Storing iron
What percentage of erythropoietin is produced in the liver?
10%
What is the primary function of neutrophils in the body?
To destroy bacteria and fungi through phagocytosis
What is the normal daily dietary intake of vitamin B12?
1-2 mg
What is the term for the body's ability to resist or eliminate potentially harmful materials or abnormal cells?
Immunity
What is the percentage of lymphocytes in the total white blood cell count?
20-30%
What is the function of basophils in the body?
To release heparin and histamine
What is the term for a condition where the blood's oxygen-carrying capacity is reduced?
Anemia
What is the main function of hemosiderin?
To store iron in a poorly available form
What is the effect of hepcidin on iron homeostasis?
It inhibits the mobilization of iron from stores and the absorption of dietary iron
What is the role of vitamin B12 in the body?
It is essential for DNA synthesis and the formation of RBC
Which of the following is NOT a function of folate?
Regulating plasma iron levels
What is the relationship between folate and folic acid?
Folic acid is itself not biologically active
What is the primary function of phagocytosis?
To engulf and digest foreign materials
What are the molecules that coat microbes and enhance their phagocytosis?
Opsonins
What is the role of activated macrophages in the inflammatory response?
To secrete cytokines and present antigens
What is the term for the process by which white blood cells enter the tissue spaces?
Diapedesis
What are the four main signs of acute inflammation?
Rubor, Calor, Tumor, and Dolor
What is the role of cytokines in the inflammatory response?
To stimulate and regulate immune responses
What is the primary function of cytokines in the immune system?
To play a role in adaptive immunity
What is the main function of Natural Killer (NK) cells?
To recognize and destroy cancer cells
What is the main characteristic of the adaptive immune system?
It provides a selective attack against a particular target
Which type of immune response is antibody-mediated?
Humoral immunity
What determines whether a lymphocyte matures into a B cell or T cell?
The location in the body where it becomes immunocompetent
What is the primary function of interferons (IFNs)?
To interfere with viral replication
Test your knowledge on the role of macrophages in the immune response, including their recognition of pathogens, phagocytosis, antigen presentation, and secretion of cytokines. Learn about the different types of immune cells and their functions in the inflammation process.
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