14 Questions
What are the external factors that can cause inflammation?
Non-microbial and microbial factors
What are the signs of inflammation?
Heat, pain, redness, and swelling
Which cells respond to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMS) or damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPS) to start the inflammatory process?
Macrophages
What is the function of dendritic cells in the inflammatory process?
Presentation of pathogen bits to T lymphocytes
What are some of the factors that can affect the value of subscribers to a platform or community?
Technology, culture, and economics
How can subscribers be monetized or commercialized?
Via advertising, sponsorships, or transactions
What are some strategies or tactics for managing or optimizing subscribers?
Segmentation, targeting, or personalization
How can subscribers be communicated with?
Through various channels like email, SMS, or chatbots
What are some key performance indicators (KPIs) for measuring subscribers?
ROI, CAC, or churn rate
How can subscribers be retained or upsold?
Through loyalty programs, cross-selling, or upselling
What is the term used to describe someone who follows or subscribes to something?
Subscriber
What type of subscriber can influence the dynamics of the platform or community?
Active subscriber
What is a key characteristic of subscribers with economic implications that require careful management?
Malicious subscribers
What type of motivation might lead a person to become a subscriber?
Educational motivation
Study Notes
- Inflammation is a response to stimuli like pathogens, toxins, or trauma, with signs of calor (heat), dolor (pain), rubor (redness), and tumor (swelling)
- Inflammation starts with an injury or infection, with the goal of restoring balance and eliminating the cause
- External factors causing inflammation include non-microbial (allergens, irritants, toxic compounds) and microbial (pathogen-associated molecular patterns or PAMS, and damage-associated molecular patterns or DAMPS)
- PAMS are virulence factors in microbes, while DAMPS are released when cells are injured or die
- Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) on leukocytes recognize PAMS and DAMPS, activating the innate immune system
- Inflammatory process starts with either macrophages or mast cells, which respond to PAMS or DAMPS
- Macrophages eat up invading pathogens, release cytokines to increase vascular permeability, and activate the complement system
- Neutrophils follow the gradient of inflammatory mediators and phagocytose pathogens, then die and take the pathogens with them
- Complement system helps attract leukocytes and optimize phagocytosis by forming a channel in pathogen membranes
- Dendritic cells present bits of pathogens to T lymphocytes, activating the adaptive immune system
- Platelets and clotting factors form a clot to stop bleeding and prevent pathogen entry, followed by tissue repair and resolution.
Test your knowledge of the body's response to pathogens, toxins, and trauma, with a focus on inflammation and the immune system. Explore the stages and mechanisms of inflammatory response, as well as the roles of different immune cells and factors.
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