Inflammation: Acute & Chronic

22 Questions

What are the common manifestations of inflammation?

Redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function

Which of the following is not a microbial agent that can cause inflammation?

Allergens

What is the consequence of viral infection on individual cells?

Intracellular multiplication leading to cell death

How do bacteria contribute to inflammation?

Release of specific toxins - either exotoxins or endotoxins

What can cause tissue damage and inflammation through direct contact or radiation?

Physical and chemical agents

What is the function of fever in response to inflammation?

To improve the efficiency of leukocyte killing and impair the replication of some invading organisms

What can lead to an acute inflammatory response?

Tissue necrosis

What can cause a hypersensitivity reaction that damages tissues?

Bacterial toxins

What can lead to further complications such as chronic inflammation and scarring?

Tissue damage from inflammation

What can have both local and systemic effects, including fever, malaise, and leukocytosis?

Inflammation

What causes cell death through multiplication inside cells or by inhibiting their function?

Bacterial toxins

What are the vascular changes characterizing acute inflammation?

Vasodilation and increased vascular permeability

Which of the following can trigger acute inflammation?

Tissue damage

What can cause tissue necrosis and inflammation?

Bacterial infections

What can also trigger acute inflammation?

Hypersensitivity reactions

What can cause vascular leakage and contribute to inflammation?

Histamine and cytokines

Which physical agents can cause tissue damage and vascular leakage?

Ischemia, trauma, and thermal injury

What foreign bodies can trigger an inflammatory response?

Splinters, dirt, and sutures

What does chronic inflammation result in?

Tissue destruction, repair, and fibrosis

What can cause chronic inflammation?

Prolonged exposure to toxins

In which diseases is chronic inflammation a common component?

Ulcers, tuberculosis, pulmonary silicosis

When does chronic inflammation tend to occur?

Under certain conditions including persistent organisms

Study Notes

Acute inflammation is characterized by vascular changes, including vasodilation and increased vascular permeability, leading to edema and white blood cell recruitment.
The stimuli for acute inflammation include infections, tissue damage, immune reactions, and chemical mediators.
Infections, such as bacterial, viral, fungal, parasitic, and microbial toxins, can cause tissue necrosis and inflammation.
Immune reactions, including hypersensitivity reactions, can also trigger acute inflammation.
Chemical mediators, such as histamine and cytokines, can cause vascular leakage and further contribute to inflammation.
Physical agents, like ischemia, trauma, and thermal injury, can cause tissue damage and vascular leakage.
Foreign bodies, like splinters, dirt, and sutures, can also trigger an inflammatory response.
In chronic inflammation, the inflammatory response persists for a long duration and results in tissue destruction, repair, and fibrosis.
Chronic inflammation can be caused by persistent injury or infection, prolonged exposure to toxins, and autoimmune diseases.
Chronic inflammation is a common component in many diseases, including ulcers, tuberculosis, pulmonary silicosis, and autoimmune diseases like rheumatoid arthritis, lupus erythematosus, and multiple sclerosis.
Chronic inflammation tends to occur under certain conditions, including persistent organisms, repeated bouts of acute inflammation, and prolonged exposure to toxins.

Learn about the response of living tissue to injury, including redness, swelling, heat, pain, and loss of function. Explore the causes of inflammation, including microbial infections and tissue injury.

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