Infectious Mononucleosis Overview
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Questions and Answers

What is the primary focus of treatment for infectious mono?

  • Long-term glucocorticoid therapy
  • Antiviral medications to reduce viral load
  • Symptom management and supportive care (correct)
  • Aggressive hydration therapy

    • Which laboratory finding is most characteristic of EBV infection in a complete blood count (CBC)?

  • Thrombocytopenia (correct)
  • Increased eosinophils
  • Decreased lymphocytes
  • Elevated hemoglobin levels

    • Which complication is associated with EBV infection that may pose a significant risk during contact sports?

  • Chronic fatigue syndrome
  • Airway obstruction
  • Splenic rupture (correct)
  • Gastric ulcer formation

    • In which situation might antiviral therapy be considered for an EBV infection?

    <p>Immunosuppressive states causing reactivation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a known risk factor for certain types of cancers as a result of EBV infection?

    <p>B-cell lymphoma and gastric cancers</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common lab test used to confirm EBV infection?

    <p>Monospot blood test</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complications is NOT commonly associated with EBV infection?

    <p>Acute kidney injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which treatment option might be utilized for severe tonsillar enlargement in infectious mono?

    <p>Short term oral glucocorticoids</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long can fatigue last in patients following an EBV infection?

    <p>Up to 2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a significant risk when participating in contact sports after an EBV infection?

    <p>Risk of splenic rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor contributes to CMV reactivation after a transplant?

    <p>Immunosuppressive therapy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common laboratory finding in a Complete Blood Count (CBC) for infectious mono?

    <p>Increased bands and reactive lymphocytes</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of cancer is associated with EBV infection?

    <p>Burkitt lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements regarding the presentation of CMV is FALSE?

    <p>CMV only becomes reactive in the presence of another viral infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What should be avoided during recovery from an EBV infection?

    <p>Contact sports</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What symptom management method can be used for high fever in infectious mono?

    <p>Analgesics</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a potential complication of EBV infection?

    <p>Splenic rupture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a common duration for fatigue following an EBV infection?

    <p>2 months</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Why are antivirals not usually necessary for EBV infections?

    <p>Symptoms are due to immune response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of lymphoma is a risk factor associated with EBV infection?

    <p>Burkitt lymphoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In which situation might glucocorticoids be prescribed for a patient with infectious mono?

    <p>Grossly enlarged tonsils</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What long-term condition can CMV remain in the body after the initial infection?

    <p>Latent infection</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following complications can occur due to EBV and CMV infections?

    <p>Hemolytic anemia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Diagnosis and Tests

    • Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (mono) relies on clinical presentation.
    • Monospot blood test is a common, rapid diagnostic test for EBV infection.
    • Complete blood count (CBC) may show increased bands, neutrophils, lymphocytes, reactive lymphocytes, and thrombocytopenia.

    Treatment

    • Treatment focuses on managing symptoms.
    • Analgesics help alleviate fever and muscle pain (myalgias).
    • Short-term oral glucocorticoids might be used for severely enlarged tonsils or airway obstruction risk.
    • Antivirals are typically unnecessary, as symptoms stem from the immune response, not viral replication; however, they may be considered in cases of chronic EBV.
    • Contact sports should be avoided due to splenic rupture risk until splenomegaly resolves (a few weeks).
    • Fatigue can last up to two months, potentially extending to six months.

    Complications

    • Splenic rupture is a potential complication.
    • EBV infection increases the risk of B-cell lymphoma (Burkitt lymphoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma), and gastric and nasopharyngeal cancers.
    • Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, meningitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and reactivation in immunosuppressed states are possible complications of EBV and cytomegalovirus (CMV) co-infection.

    Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection

    • Prior CMV infection leads to latent virus in the body.
    • Latent CMV resides in all solid organs and can reactivate after transplantation with immunosuppressive therapy.

    Diagnosis and Tests

    • Diagnosis of infectious mononucleosis (mono) is based on clinical presentation.
    • Monospot blood test is a common, rapid diagnostic test.
    • Complete blood count (CBC) may show increased bands, neutrophils, lymphocytes, reactive lymphocytes, and thrombocytopenia.

    Treatment

    • Treatment focuses on managing symptoms.
    • Analgesics are used for fever and muscle pain.
    • Short-term oral glucocorticoids may be helpful for severely enlarged tonsils or airway obstruction.
    • Antiviral medications are typically not necessary, as symptoms stem from the immune response rather than viral replication. Exceptions may include chronic EBV infection.

    Activity and Recovery

    • Contact sports should be avoided due to splenic rupture risk.
    • Resume contact sports only after splenomegaly resolves (usually within a few weeks).
    • Fatigue may persist for up to 2 months, possibly up to 6 months.

    Complications

    • Splenic rupture is a potential complication.
    • EBV infection increases the risk of B-cell lymphomas (Burkitt lymphoma, Hodgkin lymphoma), and gastric and nasopharyngeal cancers.
    • Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, meningitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and reactivation with immunosuppression are possible complications of EBV and CMV infections.

    Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection

    • Prior CMV infection results in latent viral presence in the body, affecting all solid organs.
    • Reactivation can occur following transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy.

    Diagnosis and Confirmation of EBV Infection

    • Diagnosis relies on clinical presentation.
    • Monospot blood test is a common, rapid diagnostic tool.
    • Complete blood count (CBC) may show increased bands, neutrophils, lymphocytes, reactive lymphocytes, and thrombocytopenia.

    Treatment and Symptom Management

    • Treatment focuses on managing symptoms.
    • Analgesics can alleviate fever and muscle pain (myalgias).
    • Short-term oral glucocorticoids might be helpful for severely enlarged tonsils or airway obstruction.
    • Antivirals are typically unnecessary, as symptoms stem from the immune response, not viral replication; however, they may be considered in cases like chronic EBV.

    Post-Infectious Considerations and Activity Restrictions

    • Contact sports should be avoided to prevent splenic rupture until splenomegaly resolves (usually within a few weeks).
    • Fatigue can last up to two months, potentially extending to six months.

    Complications and Associated Risks

    • Splenic rupture is a potential complication.
    • EBV infection increases the risk of B-cell lymphoma (Burkitt lymphoma, classical Hodgkin lymphoma), and gastric and nasopharyngeal cancers.
    • Hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia, meningitis, myelitis, Guillain-Barré syndrome, and reactivation in immunosuppressed states are potential complications of EBV and CMV co-infection.

    Cytomegalovirus (CMV) Infection

    • Prior CMV infection leads to latent viral presence in various organs.
    • Reactivation can occur with transplantation and subsequent immunosuppressive therapy.

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    Description

    This quiz covers the diagnosis, treatment, and complications associated with infectious mononucleosis, commonly known as mono. It highlights key diagnostic tests like the Monospot and discusses treatment strategies, including the use of analgesics and glucocorticoids. Furthermore, it addresses potential complications such as splenic rupture and the link to B-cell lymphoma.

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