Infectious Diseases Quiz

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Questions and Answers

What is the definition of infection?

A complex of the protective and pathological reactions arising in reply to infiltration of the microorganism in certain environmental conditions.

What were infectious diseases called in antiquity?

  • Contagious
  • Epidemics (correct)
  • Deadly
  • Infectious
  • Dangerous

What is the general number of officially registered infectious diseases?

  • From above 10
  • Over one million
  • Over a thousand (correct)
  • From above 100

What is an infectious disease?

<p>All listed above (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the interaction between in an infectious disease?

<p>Microorganism, macroorganism and environment (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection is subclinical?

<p>Inapparant (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of infection is innapparant?

<p>Without clinic, with immune response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is transitory carriage?

<p>Convalescent (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What criteria allow to consider some infectious diseases dangerous?

<p>Epidemiological, clinical (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the causative agent of prion pathologies?

<p>Proteins (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which criteria characterize an infectious patient?

<p>Ethiologacal, epidemiological, clinical, immunological (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pathogenity?

<p>Infectious process (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of Vi-antigen in a microorganism indicate?

<p>Virulence (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does the infecting dose influence on?

<p>Terms of prophylactic clinical examination (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the ethiological criterion?

<p>The concrete agent is the reason of infectious disease (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is antigen mimicry?

<p>Ability of a microorganism to get human's antigens (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the gates of infection?

<p>Place of the agent's invasion (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is NOT characteristic for the initial stage of typhoid fever?

<p>Pain in a stomach (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is specific to typhoid fever?

<p>Intestinal bleeding (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the source of infection for typhoid fever?

<p>Sick person (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptom is characteristic for typhoid fever?

<p>Skin rose spots from about 8th-10th days of illness (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the mechanisms of transmission for typhoid fever?

<p>Fecal-oral (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of temperature curve is characteristic for typhoid fever?

<p>Febris remittens (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of rash is characteristic for typhoid fever?

<p>Rose spots (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

The causative agent of typhoid fever belongs to which group of microorganisms?

<p>Bacteria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What changes are typical for the general blood test in typhoid fever?

<p>Leucocytosis with neutrophilic shift to the left (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

List the types of pathogenetic therapy for Typhoid fever.

<p>Desintoxication (A), Immunomodulation (B), Rehydration (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What laboratory test is used for diagnostics of typhoid fever?

<p>Bacteriological (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drug is used for the etiotropic treatment of typhoid fever patients?

<p>Chloramphenicol (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin increases the secretion of liquid and salts into the intestinal lumen?

<p>Enterotoxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin causes intoxication symptoms?

<p>Endotoxin (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which toxin damages epithelial cells?

<p>Cytotoxin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mode of transmission is common for Grigoriev-Shiga dysentery?

<p>With food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What mode of transmission is common for Sonne dysentery?

<p>Contact (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which sign is the basic one for diagnostics of shigellosis?

<p>Stool of &quot;rectum spit&quot; type (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What drugs are used for dysentery treatment?

<p>Ciprofloxacin (B), Erythromycin (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which symptoms are characteristic for enteritis?

<p>Thenesmas (A), Paraumbilical pain (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the conditions necessary for food poisoning caused by a conditionally pathogenic flora?

<p>A significant quantity of the agent, contact with the patient already suffering from food poisoning, organism sensitization to the agent, and attenuation of the organism’s defense mechanisms.</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the ways of transmission for food poisoning infection?

<p>Any of them (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What can cause food poisoning?

<p>Any of them (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of bacteria causes food poisoning?

<p>Any of them (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is NOT recommended for the treatment of food poisoning?

<p>Prescription of antibiotics (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

When is food poisoning diagnosis possible?

<p>Using clinical and epidemiological data (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factors are important for differentiating food poisoning from cholera?

<p>All listed above (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What oral desintoxication and rehydration solutions are preferable for food poisoning?

<p>glucose-electrolyte solutions (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the best option for rehydration and desintoxication in food poisoning?

<p>Electrolyte crystalloids (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the mechanisms of diarrhea in food poisoning?

<p>Activation of adenilatecyclase of the enterocytes (A), Disorders of water absorption in the intestine (B), Increased osmotic pressure in the intestine (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the reasons for dehydration in food poisoning?

<p>Fever (A), Vomiting (B), Dispnoea, sweating (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the sources of salmonella infection?

<p>All listed above (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which mode of transmission is impossible for salmonella infection?

<p>Air-dust (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common clinical form of salmonellosis?

<p>Gastroenteritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the most common clinical syndrome of the gastrointestinal form of salmonellosis?

<p>Gastroenteritis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What stool is NOT characteristic for salmonellosis?

<p>Without feces smell (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the characteristics of the gastrointestinal forms of salmonella infections?

<p>Fever, signs of GIT damage, tachycardia and dehydration.</p> Signup and view all the answers

Is the following statement true: For typhoid-like form of salmonellosis everything listed below is characteristic, except Pallor of skin, Excitation, Stupor, Prolonged fever, Rash, Liver and spleen enlargement.

<p>The statement is false (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which complication is NOT characteristic for salmonellosis?

<p>Pneumonia (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which laboratory test is NOT used for salmonellosis diagnostics?

<p>Immunofluorescent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What materials can be used for bacteriological testing in salmonellosis?

<p>All listed (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the optimal terms for taking blood samples for serological testing from patients with salmonellosis?

<p>6th-7th day (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of salmonella infection is NOT typically treated with antibiotics?

<p>Gastrointestinal (light severity) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is NOT used for the treatment of salmonellosis?

<p>Penicillin (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is the most effective for salmonellosis?

<p>Ciprofloxacin (E)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What symptoms are characteristic for salmonellosis?

<p>All listed (F)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which form of salmonellosis is localized?

<p>Nasopharingitis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What clinical form does intrahospital salmonellosis present as?

<p>Nosocomial (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biovar of Vibrio cholerae causes modern cholera?

<p>El-tor (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does El-Tor Vibrio cholerae differ from the classical biovar?

<p>Increased virulence (A), Increased stability in the environment (B), Ability to agglutinate O-serum (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of environment promotes the reproduction of Vibrio cholerae?

<p>Alkaline (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does cholera spread?

<p>Water and food (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of distribution is characteristic for modern cholera?

<p>Pandemic (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the reason for diarrhea in cholera?

<p>All these factors (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the mechanism of diarrhea in cholera?

<p>Activation of enterocytes's adenilatecyclase (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Infectious Disease

A process involving the interaction between a microorganism, a macroorganism, and the environment, leading to the development of an infectious disease.

Pathogenicity

The ability of a microorganism to cause an infectious process.

Virulence

A measure of a microorganism's ability to cause disease, including factors like invasiveness, toxin production, and multiplication rate.

Toxin

A substance produced by microorganisms that can cause harm to the host.

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Inapparant Infection

A type of infection without clinical symptoms, but with an immune response.

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Incubation Period

The initial, latent period of an infection before symptoms appear.

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Prodromal Period

The period before the full-blown symptoms of a disease appear, characterized by nonspecific symptoms like fatigue and headache.

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Febris Remittens

A general term for a fever that fluctuates but always remains above normal.

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Febris Intermittens

A fever characterized by regular cycles of rising and falling temperature, with a return to normal body temperature between episodes.

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Incrementi Stage

The period of highest manifestation of disease, marked by peak symptoms.

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Decrementi Stage

The period of decreasing clinical symptoms, leading towards recovery.

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Contagious Period

The duration of the period during which a patient with an infectious disease can transmit the causative agent to others.

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Contagious Index

A measure of the likelihood of an infected person transmitting a disease to a susceptible contact.

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Patognomic Symptom(s)

The specific and characteristic symptom(s) that definitively indicate a particular disease.

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Generalized Infection

An infectious disease affecting the whole body, not confined to one area.

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Atypical Form of Disease

A clinical presentation of a disease with an atypical course or symptoms compared to its usual pattern.

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Prolonged Course of Illness

A clinical presentation of a disease with a course longer than the typical acute phase.

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Light Severity Form of Disease

A clinical presentation of a disease with a less severe form compared to its usual pattern.

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High Severity Form of Disease

A clinical presentation of a disease with a more severe form compared to its usual pattern.

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Specific Complication

A complication of an infectious disease directly related to the causative agent.

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Nonspecific Complication

A complication of an infectious disease not directly related to the causative agent.

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Bacteriological Test

A method for detecting and isolating the causative agent of a disease.

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Serological Test

A technique for studying a patient's immune response by measuring the levels of specific antibodies present in their blood.

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Antibody Titre

The quantitative measurement of the amount of specific antibodies present in a person's blood.

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Etiotropic Therapy

A type of therapy aimed at directly targeting and eliminating the causative agent of a disease.

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Pathogenetic Therapy

A type of therapy aiming to counteract the effects of a disease process.

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Immunomodulating Therapy

A type of therapy using drugs to stimulate the immune system to fight against infection.

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Specific Vaccinal Prophylaxis

The use of vaccines to prime the body's immune system to fight against specific infections.

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Study Notes

Questions and Answers

  • Question 1: Analyzation of the definition "complex of the protective and pathological reactions arising in reply to infiltration of the microorganism in certain environmental conditions"

    • Correct answer: Infectious process

  • Question 2: Infectious diseases in antiquity were called

    • Correct answer: Contagious

  • Question 3: General number of officially registered infectious diseases

    • Correct answer: Over one million

  • Question 4: Infectious disease is defined as

    • Correct answer: All listed above (An extreme degree of development of infectious process, Presence of clinical symptomatology, Presence of pathomorphological substratum, Dynamics of specific antibodies)

  • Question 10: The causative agent of prion pathologies is

    • Correct answer: Proteins

  • Question 11: Criteria for an infectious patient

    • Correct answer: Ethological, epidemiological, clinical, immunological

  • Question 12: Pathogenicity defines the potential of microorganisms to cause

    • Correct answer: Infectious process

  • Question 13: Presence of Vi-antigen in microorganisms indicates

    • Correct answer: Antigenity

  • Question 14: Infecting dose influences on

    • Correct answer: Prodrome duration, Terms of recover, Terms of incubation, Terms of hospitalisation

  • Question 15: The ethiological criterion means

    • Correct answer: The concrete agent is the reason of infectious disease

  • Question 16: The epidemiological criterion means

    • Correct answer: The infectious patient can be a source of infection

  • Question 20: Gates of Infection

    • Correct answer: Place of the agent's invasion

  • Question 21: Symptom not characteristic of initial typhoid fever. This is an example of a specific question

    • Correct answer: Headache

  • Question 22: Specific complication of typhoid fever

    • Correct answer: Intestinal bleeding

  • Question 23: Source of infection for typhoid fever

    • Correct answer: Sick person

  • Question 24: Symptom characteristic of typhoid fever

    • Correct answer: Skin rose spots from about 8th-10th days of illness

  • Question 25: Mechanism of transmission of typhoid fever infection

    • Correct answer: Fecal-oral

  • Question 26: Fever curve characteristic of typhoid fever

    • Correct answer: Febris intermittens

  • Question 27: Rash type characteristic of typhoid fever

    • Correct answer: Rose spots

  • Question 28: Group of microorganisms that typhoid fever belongs to

    • Correct answer: Bacteria

  • Question 29: Changes in the general blood test typical for typhoid fever

    • Correct answer: Leucocytosis with neutrophilic shift to the left

  • Question 30: Types of pathogenetic therapy for typhoid fever

    • Correct answer: Rehydration, Dehydration, Desintoxication, Immunomodulation

  • Question 31: Laboratory test used for typhoid fever diagnosis

    • Correct answer: Bacteriological

  • Question 32: Drug used for etiotropic therapy of typhoid fever

    • Correct answer: Chloramphenicol

  • Question 33: Toxin increasing secretion of liquid and salts into intestinal lumen

    • Correct answer: Enterotoxin

  • Question 34: Toxin causing intoxication symptoms

    • Correct answer: Endotoxin

  • Question 35: Toxin damaging epithelial cells

    • Correct answer: Enterotoxin

  • Question 36: Common transmission way for Grigoriev-Shiga dysentery

    • Correct answer: With water

  • Question 37: Common transmission way for Sonne dysentery

    • Correct answer: With water

  • Question 38: Common transmission way for Flexner dysentery

    • Correct answer: With water

  • Question 39: Diagnostic sign of shigellosis

    • Correct answer: Stool of "rectum spit" type

  • Question 40: Drugs in dysentery treatment

    • Correct answer: Erythromycin, Penicillin, Ciprofloxacin

  • Question 41: Symptoms characteristic of enteritis

    • Correct answer: Pain in the left iliac area

  • Question 42: Symptoms characteristic of enterocolitis

    • Correct answer: Abdominal pain of spasmatic character

  • Question 43: Conditions for food poisonings by conditional pathogens

    • Correct answer: considerable quantity of the agent

  • Question 60: Statement regarding typhoid-like form of salmonellosis

    • Correct answer: The statement is false

  • Question 61: Complication not characteristic for salmonellosis

    • Correct answer: Pneumonia

  • Question 62: Laboratory test not used in salmonellosis diagnostics

    • Correct answer: Bacterioscopy

  • Question 63: Material for bacteriological test in salmonellosis

    • Correct answer: Feces, Emetic masses, Stomach lavage masses

  • Question 64: Optimal terms for taking blood samples for serological test in salmonellosis

    • Correct answer: 1st-3rd Day

  • Question 65: Form of salmonella not treated with antibiotics

    • Correct answer: Gastrointestinal (light severity)

  • Question 66: Antibiotic not used in salmonellosis treatment

    • Correct answer: Gentamycin

  • Question 67: Most effective antibiotic in salmonellosis

    • Correct answer: Chloramphenicol

  • Question 68: Characteristic symptoms for salmonellosis

    • Correct answer: Fever, Signs of GIT damage

  • Question 70: Form of salmonellosis that is localized

    • Correct answer: Gastroenterocolitis

  • Question 71: Clinical form of intrahospital salmonellosis

    • Correct answer: Nosocomial

  • Question 72: Difference in El-tor vibrios from classical

    • Correct answer: Increased virulence

  • Question 73: Environment for Cholera vibrio reproduction

    • Correct answer: Alkaline

  • Question 74: Cholera transmission

    • Correct answer: Water and food

  • Question 75: Type of distribution for modern cholera

    • Correct answer: Pandemic

  • Question 76: Reason for diarrhoea in cholera

    • Correct answer: Influence of exotoxin on intestine wall

  • Question 77: Mechanism of diarrhea in cholera

    • Correct answer: Increased osmotic pressure

  • Question 78: Type of diarrhea in cholera

    • Correct answer: Secretion

  • Question 79: Cholera vibrio localization

  • Question 80: Degrees of dehydration in adults

    • Correct answer: Three

  • Question 81: Amount of weight loss in 3rd degree dehydration

    • Correct answer: More than 10%

  • Question 82: Reason for dehydration in cholera

    • Correct answer: Diarrhea

  • Question 83: Amount of weight loss in 2nd degree dehydration

    • Correct answer: 4-6%

  • Question 84: Amount of weight loss in 1st degree dehydration

    • Correct answer: 1%-3%

  • Question 85: Indications for intravenous rehydration in cholera

    • Correct answer: Dehydration

  • Question 86: Criterion for dehydration treatment

    • Correct answer: The degree of dehydration

  • Question 87: Most valuable criterion of dehydration in cholera

    • Correct answer: Sodium level in plasma

  • Question 88: Rehydration solutions for cholera

    • Correct answer: Electrolyte solutions

  • Question 89: Clinical indicators of rehydration efficiency in cholera

    • Correct answer: Normalization of blood temperature, increase of diuresis

  • Question 90: Differentiation of food poisoning from cholera

    • Correct answer: Abdominal pain syndrome, Epidemiological anamnesis

  • Question 91: Initial symptoms of cholera

    • Correct answer: Headache, fever, diarrhea

  • Question 92: Characteristic stool for cholera

    • Correct answer: Plentiful, watery

  • Question 93: Characteristic symptoms for cholera

    • Correct answer: Acute pain in whole abdomen

  • Question 94: Conditions dangerous for patients in cholera

    • Correct answer: Dehydration, Heart Failure, Intoxication

  • Question 95: Dangerous finding in Cholera

    • Correct answer: Hypopotassiumemia

  • Question 96: Localization of abdominal pain in intestinal amebiasis

    • Correct answer: Left iliac area

  • Question 97: Laboratory test for intestinal amebiasis diagnostics

    • Correct answer: Microscopy of feces

  • Question 98: Crucial test in intestinal amebiasis diagnostics

    • Correct answer: Tissue form of Entamoeba (trophozoit)

  • Question 99: Necessary agent to produce botulism

    • Correct answer: Clostridia spors, Vegetative forms, Exotoxin

  • Question 100: Correct sequence of development for botulism

    • Correct answer: General intoxication, paralytic, gastrointestinal

  • Question 101: Signs of severe botulism

    • Correct answer: repeated vomiting

  • Question 102: Characteristic for botulism vision disorders

    • Correct answer: Midriasis, Ptosis, Diplopia

  • Question 103: Important diagnostics method for botulism

    • Correct answer: Agent isolation, General blood test, Biological test

  • Question 104: Types of sera used for treatment of botulism in Belarus

    • Correct answer: A, B, E

  • Question 105: One-time treatment dose of contrabotulinic sera A, B, and E

    • Correct answer: 10000 ME

  • Question 106: Transmission way of botulism

    • Correct answer: All specified ways it is not transmitted

  • Question 107: Agent causing 'vegetable' botulism

    • Correct answer: E

  • Question 108: Optimal temperature for toxin production by Clostridium botulinum type E

    • Correct answer: 3-4°C

And so on... There are many more questions and answers that need to be addressed in the document.

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