Infectious Diseases and Pregnancy Impact

Questions and Answers

Which viral infection can cause congenital anomalies or spontaneous miscarriage during the first trimester?

Cytomegalovirus

Chlamydia

Herpes Simplex Virus (correct)

Hepatitis B

What is the drug of choice (DOC) for treating severe genital herpes infection during pregnancy?

Amoxicillin

Acyclovir (Zovirax) (correct)

Abacavir

Ciprofloxacin

What can Cytomegalovirus cause in infants if transmitted during pregnancy?

Osteoporosis

Deafness and chronic liver disease (correct)

Increased body mass

Severe eczema

Which of the following is NOT a potential consequence of a herpes simplex virus infection during pregnancy?

Chronic liver disease Signup and view all the answers

At what point in fetal development do the heart chambers begin to form?

First lunar month (End of 4th week) Signup and view all the answers

What major developmental feature appears by the third week of gestation?

Nervous system Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following live virus vaccines are contraindicated during pregnancy?

Measles, mumps, rubella, and poliomyelitis Signup and view all the answers

What is a possible effect of congenital Cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy?

Spasticity Signup and view all the answers

Which condition reflects a severe congenital anomaly where there is either no head or brain?

Anencephaly Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary causative agent of syphilis?

Treponema pallidum Signup and view all the answers

What is the drug of choice (DOC) for treating syphilis?

Benzathine penicillin Signup and view all the answers

What screening test should be conducted during the first prenatal visit for syphilis?

VDRL (Rapid plasma reagin test) Signup and view all the answers

If a pregnant woman is treated for syphilis in the first trimester, what is the expected outcome for the fetus?

No adverse effects Signup and view all the answers

What are some potential consequences of untreated syphilis beyond the 18th week of pregnancy?

Deafness and cognitive challenges Signup and view all the answers

What is the fetal length at approximately 8 weeks of gestation?

2.5 cm Signup and view all the answers

What is the organism responsible for Lyme disease?

Borrelia burgdorferi Signup and view all the answers

Which vector is responsible for the spread of Lyme disease?

Deer tick Signup and view all the answers

Which condition may develop in a newborn with congenital syphilis?

Extreme rhinitis (sniffles) Signup and view all the answers

During the first trimester, how does untreated syphilis affect the fetus if diagnosed after the 18th week?

Severe complications including congenital malformations Signup and view all the answers

At the end of six lunar months, which change is observed in the baby's skin?

Skin is red and wrinkled with minimal fat Signup and view all the answers

What is the typical weight of a fetus at the end of seven lunar months?

1,200 grams Signup and view all the answers

What begins at the 20th week of pregnancy?

Passive transfer of antibodies from mother to fetus Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated by the presence of meconium in a fetus?

Fetus is experiencing distress Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the signs of fetal viability by the end of six lunar months?

Fetus begins to demonstrate a definite wake/sleep cycle Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is true for an infant born at the end of seven lunar months?

Infant is likely to move extremities actively Signup and view all the answers

What is the primary purpose of lanugo on newborns?

To serve as insulation for body heat Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational week is amniocentesis typically possible?

14-16 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What is the length range of infants born at eight lunar months?

38-43 cm Signup and view all the answers

What determines the presence of urine in the amniotic fluid?

Functioning liver and pancreas Signup and view all the answers

What changes occur to a fetus's appearance at eight lunar months?

'Little old man' appearance is lost Signup and view all the answers

At what gestational age does the lanugo begin to diminish?

By nine lunar months Signup and view all the answers

What does the presence of meconium in the bowel indicate?

Maturity of the gastrointestinal system Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate weight range of a fetus at nine lunar months?

2200-2900 gms Signup and view all the answers

What reflex is active in the fetus during eight lunar months?

Active Moro reflex Signup and view all the answers

Which physical development indicates that the fetus is ready to assume the delivery position?

Assuming vertex or breech position Signup and view all the answers

What is the characteristic rash associated with a tick bite?

Erythema chronicum migrans Signup and view all the answers

Which antibiotic is contraindicated during pregnancy due to risk of tooth discoloration?

Doxycycline Signup and view all the answers

What reflexes may be present by the end of the 12th week of pregnancy?

Sucking reflex and Babinski reflex Signup and view all the answers

At how many weeks can sex differentiation typically be seen via ultrasound?

14 weeks Signup and view all the answers

What structure begins to secrete urine by the end of the 12th week?

Kidneys Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following occurs by the end of the 16th week?

Sex differentiation via ultrasound Signup and view all the answers

What is the approximate length of a fetus at 16 weeks?

10 to 17 cm Signup and view all the answers

What significant development occurs in the lungs by the end of the 16th week?

Surfactant can be demonstrated in amniotic fluid Signup and view all the answers

By the 12th week, which physical capability can the fetus perform?

Practice inhaling and exhaling Signup and view all the answers

What is one of the conditions that can cause illness at birth?

Gonorrhea Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infectious Diseases and Their Impact on Pregnancy

Thrombocytopenic purpura and dental candidiasis are conditions affecting maternal health.
Chlamydia and cytomegalovirus (CMV) pose risks to the infant, leading to potential neurological or ocular damage.
CMV is transmitted via droplet infection and may cause severe conditions like hydrocephalus and deafness.
Herpes Simplex Virus can cause significant congenital anomalies or miscarriage, especially if infected during the first trimester.
Acyclovir is the drug of choice for treating genital herpes during pregnancy.
Syphilis, caused by Treponema pallidum, can lead to serious fetal complications if untreated past the 18th week.
Lyme disease, from Borrelia burgdorferi, is transmitted by deer ticks and can manifest as a rash.

Fetal Development Milestones

First Lunar Month (End of 4th Week)
- Heart chambers form, and heartbeats may start around day 14.
- Arm and leg buds appear; primary lung buds are present.
- Nervous system develops by the 3rd week.
- Length is approximately 4-5 mm with a weight of 0.4 gm.
Two Lunar Months (End of 8th Week)
- Head larger than trunk; external genitalia become distinct.
- Amniotic fluid surrounds the embryo; muscle movements are present but not detectable by the mother.
- Length reaches around 2.5 cm (1 inch) and weighs 2 gms.
Three Lunar Months (End of 12th Week)
- Nails form on fingers and toes; kidneys begin urine secretion.
- Sucking and Babinski reflexes are observable.
- The fetus starts moving, practicing swallowing, but movements remain imperceptible.
- Sexual differentiation becomes apparent.
Four Lunar Months (End of 16th Week)
- Length is 10-17 cm; weight is 55-120 gms.
- Lanugo (fine hair) and ossification in bones occur.
- Fetal heart tones become audible with a fetoscope.
Five Lunar Months (End of 20th Week)
- Brown fat develops behind kidneys; spontaneous movements begin.
- Fetal heartbeat becomes more detectable.
Six Lunar Months (End of 24th Week)
- Skin is red and wrinkled; surfactant production initiates for lung maturity.
- Length is 28-36 cm; weight about 550 gms.
Seven Lunar Months (End of 28th Week)
- Active movements observed; survival rates for premature infants improve with expert care.
- Length approximately 35-38 cm; weight about 1,200 gms.
Eight Lunar Months (End of 32nd Week)
- Infants typically survive with proper care; length between 38-43 cm and weight around 1,600 gms.
- Surfactant and subcutaneous fat progressively increase.
Nine Lunar Months (End of 36th Week)
- Body assumes a round shape, with length 42-48 cm and weight ranging from 2,200 to 2,900 gms.
- Lanugo decreases, and a well-defined wake/sleep cycle is observed.
Ten Lunar Months (End of 40th Week)
- Full-term newborn characteristics are evident with a length of 48-52 cm and a weight over 3,200 gms.
- Fetal activity includes strong kicks and muscle tone.
- Surfactant production is crucial for respiratory function post-birth.

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Description

This quiz explores the effects of various infectious diseases on pregnancy and fetal development milestones. Topics include risks from conditions like chlamydia and cytomegalovirus, and the importance of timely treatment of infections like herpes simplex virus and syphilis. Test your knowledge on how these diseases can influence maternal and infant health.