107-M2 (3).pdf

NCM 107 – MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING MODULE 2 thrombocytopenic purpura, dental Candidiasis and facial clefts. Chlamydia o Cytomegalovirus Stre...

NCM 107 – MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING MODULE 2 thrombocytopenic purpura, dental Candidiasis and facial clefts. Chlamydia o Cytomegalovirus Streptococcus B o Transmitted by droplet infection Hepatitis B o Can cause severe neurologic damage to the infant Potentially Teratogenic Vaccines (hydrocephalus, microcephaly, o Live virus of measles, mumps, rubella, and spasticity) or with eye damage (optic poliomyelitis are contraindicated during atrophy, chorioretinitis), deafness or pregnancy because they may transmit the chronic liver disease. viral infection to the fetus. iii. Herpes Simplex Virus (Genital Herpes Infection) FETAL DEVELOPMENT o 1st trimester (can cause severe I. First lunar month (End of 4th week) congenital anomalies or Heart chambers formed, heart Begin spontaneous miscarriage 2nd/3rd to beat as early as 14th day trimester (premature birth, Cartilage formation intrauterine growth restriction, Arm and leg buds present continuing infection of the newborn Primary lung buds appear at birth) Length is 4 to 5 mm; weighs.4 gm o CS is often recommended for Nervous system appears by the 3rd women with genital lesion week o DOC is acyclovir (Zovirax) Anencephaly - No head/brain is minimized Other viral diseases: II. Two Lunar Months (End of 8th weeks) i. SYPHILIS Head is large compare to trunk o Caused by Treponema pallidum External genitalia, Testes and o DOC: benzathine penicillin ovaries are distinct but sex not yet o If treated in the 1st trim, the fetus is distinguishable by simple unaffected, if untreated beyond 18th week, observation (8 wks) can cause deafness, cognitive challenge, Amniotic fluid surrounds embryo osteochondritis and fetal death. Assumes a human form o Screening test: Gestational sac visible at UTZ VDRL (Rapid plasma reagin test) should be done in the first prenatal Capable of some movements but visit. too faint to be felt by the mother The newborn with congenital Length:2.5 cm (1inch)/Weight : syphilis may develop congenital 2gms anomalies, extreme rhinitis Organogenesis is complete (sniffles), and a characteristic Meconeum is formed by 5th to 8th ii. LYME DISEASE week visible on UTZ (GREENISH o Caused by Borrelia burgdorferi BLACK) o Spread by bite of a deer tick. III. Three Lunar months (End of 12th weeks) o After a tick bite, a typical skin rash, Fingers and toes have nails erythema chronicum migrans (large Kidney begins to secrete urine, macular lesion with a clear center), and although may not be evident in the Joint pain Amniotic fluid o DOC (tetracycline and doxycycline, cannot Sucking reflex, Babinski reflex are be used during pregnancy because it can present cause tooth discoloration and long bone By 12 weeks fetus moves body parts, malformation in fetus.) swallows and practices inhaling and o Penicillin are given to reduce symptoms in exhaling but too faint to be felt by the pregnant women. examine FHT audible by doptone/doppler Infection that cause illness at birth: Sex is distinguishable by outward Gonorrhea appearance DIAMANTE, P.M. BSN 2-F  NCM 107 – MATERNAL AND CHILD HEALTH NURSING MODULE 2 Tooth buds are present Lung alveoli begin to mature, and Ossification in most bones surfactant can be demonstrated in IV. Four Lunar Months (End of 16th weeks) amniotic fluid. Sex can be identified at 14 weeks by Testes begin to descend into the UTZ (sex differentiation) scrotal sac from the lower Fetal heart tone heard by abdominal cavity fetoscope/Stethoscope Body less wrinkled Length: 10 to 17 cm Appearance of nails Weight: 55-120 gms VIII. Eight Lunar Months (End of 32 weeks) Lanugo (fine and downy hair on the Infants born at this time usually back and arms of the newborns, survive if given proper care which apparently serves as Length: 38-43 cm insulation of body heat) is well Weight: 1,600 gms formed Subcutaneous fats are present Amniocentesis is possible by 14-16 ("Little old man" appearance is lost) weeks (200 ml of amniotic fluid is Assumes delivery position (vertex or present) breech) Liver and pancreas are functioning Responds by movement to sounds Fetus actively swallows amniotic outside the mother's body fluid, but uncoordinated Active Moro reflex present Urine is present in the amniotic fluid Skin is pink and slightly wrinkled Meconium in bowel LS ratio in lungs now 1.2:1 Scalp hair develops IX. Nine Lunar Months (End of 36 weeks) Buds of permanent teeth form Body round, skin is pink and smooth V. Five Lunar Months (End Of 12th Week) L/S ratio is 2:1 Brown fat begins to form behind the Lanugo begins to diminish kidneys, sternum and posterior neck Length is 42-48; weight 2200- Spontaneous fetal movements 2900gms Fetal Heartbeat is more apparent Additional amounts of SQ fats are VI. Six Lunar Months End of 24th week deposited Skin is red and wrinkled with some Sole of the foot has only one or two subcutaneous fat beneath crisscross creases Surfactant production begins Most babies turn into a vertex or Start of fetal viability headdown presentation during this Length: 28 to 36 cm month Weight: 550 gms Definite wake/sleep cycle Passive transfer of antibodies from X. Ten Lunar Months End of 40 weeks mother to fetus (begins at 20th All Characteristics of a newborn week) Full term pregnancy Meconium is present as far as the Baby is active, with good muscle rectum tone, Hearing can be demonstrated by Fetus kicks actively response to sudden sound L-48-52cm SURFACTANT IS PRODUCED W-3200g or more VII. Seven Lunar Months (End of 28th weeks) Strong suck reflex An infant born at this time moves his Fetal hgb begins conversion to adult extremities quite actively and cries hgb weakly. If given an expert care, the Vernix caseosa fully formed immature infant has a high chance Little lanugo for survival If male, testes in scrotum Length: 35 to 38 cm Weight: 1, 200 gms DIAMANTE, P.M. BSN 2-F