Infectious Diseases and Diagnostics Quiz

<p>Decreased platelets and anemia (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Low initial immunological response (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Entry and attachment to the body (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Colonisation and spread (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Through bystander damage to host tissues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Access to necessary nutrients (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pathogens leave the body for transmission (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>In situ hybridization (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Availability of specific antibodies (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tularemia (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Tularemia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Electron microscopy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Syphilis (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunohistochemistry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Controlling and reducing disease incidence (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Disease aetiology (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Improving personal hygiene and sanitation (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical barriers and chemical treatments (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Physical separation to prevent transmission (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Immunohistochemistry (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Staining for microorganisms (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Granulomatous (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They progress quickly. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They progress slowly and can be long lasting. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>There are no symptoms between outbreaks. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They infect multiple body sites and tissues. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Ringworm (tinea) (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Fever and fatigue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>4-14 days (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>It can spread from oral to genital areas. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Latent disease (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To analyze the composition and functions of human-associated microorganisms (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Gastric ulcer (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>They establish criteria for identifying the causative agent of a disease. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparative modeling in low-income and lower-middle-income countries (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Increased risk of liver disease (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>The pathophysiology and treatment of CNS infections (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>To tailor treatment recommendations based on individual life expectancy (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Comparative modeling analysis (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How a pathogen enters the body, attaches, and overcomes the initial defenses.

The pathogen establishes itself in the body, possibly spreading to new areas.

The pathogen makes copies of itself within the host's cells.

The pathogen leaves the infected host, allowing it to spread to others.

The pathogen causes damage to the host, either directly or indirectly through the host's immune response.

A disease that develops quickly with intense symptoms, lasting only a short time.

A disease that develops more slowly, with less severe symptoms, but lasts for a longer period.

A disease that has periods without symptoms, but can reactivate and cause illness.

Refers to an infection that is confined to a specific area of the body.

Refers to an infection that spreads throughout the body, affecting multiple tissues and organs.

The duration of a disease refers to how long the symptoms last.

The location of a disease refers to where in the body the infection is taking place.

A fungal infection of the skin, also known as 'ringworm'.

A virus known to cause various cancers, including cervical cancer.

A virus that causes a hemorrhagic fever, characterized by severe bleeding and organ failure.

A gram-negative bacterium that infects humans, causing typhoid fever.

A protein capsule found on the surface of Salmonella Typhi that helps the bacteria attach to human cells.

A state where an individual carries Salmonella Typhi without exhibiting symptoms but can still transmit the bacterium to others.

A type of immune response characterized by the activation of white blood cells to fight off infection.

A protein found in the liver that increases during liver damage or inflammation, which can indicate complications associated with typhoid fever.

A scientific field that investigates patterns, causes, and effects of diseases on populations, focusing on controlling and reducing disease incidence by identifying factors that contribute to disease causation, transmission, and prevention.

The study of the causative agents of a disease. This area of epidemiology explores the factors contributing to the origin and development of infectious diseases.

A focused investigation into a disease outbreak, aiming to trace its source, identify contributing factors, and develop strategies for containment.

Systematic procedures used to detect and monitor diseases within populations. They include screenings to identify early cases and ongoing surveillance to track disease trends.

Methods used to compare the effectiveness of different treatments or interventions for a particular disease. This includes clinical trials to evaluate treatment options and their impact on patient outcomes.

Measures that physically separate infected individuals from healthy individuals to prevent further transmission of the disease. This is crucial for containing highly contagious or severe infections.

Methods used to detect the presence of a specific microorganism in a sample. This can involve culturing the organism, using specific antibodies, or analyzing genetic material.

The microscopic examination of tissues to identify the presence of infectious agents, understand their location and characteristics, and determine the type of inflammatory response the host is exhibiting.

The study of the causes and origins of diseases, focusing on how factors contribute to their development.

A set of criteria used to establish a causal relationship between a microbe and a disease. It involves demonstrating the microbe's presence in diseased individuals, isolating and cultivating the microbe, introducing the microbe to healthy individuals and observing the disease, and re-isolating the microbe from the newly infected individuals.

The interaction between a host and its microbial community, including bacteria, viruses, fungi, and others.

A type of bacterial infection that affects the stomach and intestines, often leading to ulcers and gastritis.

A stain used to identify mycobacteria (e.g., Mycobacterium leprae) in tissue samples. It uses a combination of carbol fuchsin dye for staining and acid alcohol for decolorization, leaving the mycobacteria stained pink against a blue background.

A fungal disease caused by the fungus Histoplasma capsulatum. The fungus is often found in bird and bat droppings, and infection can occur through inhalation of the fungus.

A stain used to visualize fungal organisms in tissue samples, such as Histoplasma capsulatum. It employs a silver stain that highlights the fungal cell walls, making them appear black against a light background.

A fungal disease caused by the Cryptococcus neoformans yeast. The fungus can infect the lungs, brain, and other organs.

A blue stain used to visualize the capsule surrounding Cryptococcus neoformans yeast in tissue samples. It stains the capsule blue against a light background, highlighting its presence.

A bacterial infection caused by the Treponema pallidum spirochete. Syphilis is known for its diverse and often complex stages of infection, affecting various organs and tissues.

A stain used to visualize Treponema pallidum spirochetes in tissue samples under a microscope. It uses silver salts to stain the organisms' structure.

A technique used to detect specific genetic sequences within tissue samples. It's a valuable tool for identifying and characterizing specific microorganisms, including viruses, bacteria, and fungi.