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Questions and Answers
What is the most common form of herpes simplex causing orofacial infections?
What is the most common form of herpes simplex causing orofacial infections?
Which condition is characterized by beefy-red tongue and atrophy of papillae?
Which condition is characterized by beefy-red tongue and atrophy of papillae?
Which of the following conditions is primarily associated with opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals?
Which of the following conditions is primarily associated with opportunistic infections in immunocompromised individuals?
What are the superficial white patches seen in oral candidiasis generally described as?
What are the superficial white patches seen in oral candidiasis generally described as?
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Which systemic condition can lead to a gray-white exudative membrane in the throat?
Which systemic condition can lead to a gray-white exudative membrane in the throat?
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What condition is described as occurring with superficial ulcerations that heal spontaneously?
What condition is described as occurring with superficial ulcerations that heal spontaneously?
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Which of the following deficiencies is most commonly linked to glossitis?
Which of the following deficiencies is most commonly linked to glossitis?
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Which oral cavity condition is characterized by thickened white lesions in immunocompromised patients?
Which oral cavity condition is characterized by thickened white lesions in immunocompromised patients?
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Which odontogenic tumor is characterized as a benign hamartoma rather than a true neoplasm?
Which odontogenic tumor is characterized as a benign hamartoma rather than a true neoplasm?
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Which of the following is NOT classified as a tumor of odontogenic epithelium?
Which of the following is NOT classified as a tumor of odontogenic epithelium?
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What is the most common inflammatory lesion of the salivary gland?
What is the most common inflammatory lesion of the salivary gland?
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Which type of salivary gland inflammation is commonly associated with viral infections such as mumps?
Which type of salivary gland inflammation is commonly associated with viral infections such as mumps?
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Which odontogenic tumor is not classified as a benign type?
Which odontogenic tumor is not classified as a benign type?
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What distinct feature is characteristic of a fiery red tongue associated with scarlet fever?
What distinct feature is characteristic of a fiery red tongue associated with scarlet fever?
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Which condition is characterized by ulcerations on the buccal mucosa that lead to Koplik spots?
Which condition is characterized by ulcerations on the buccal mucosa that lead to Koplik spots?
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What oral manifestation is common in more than 50% of patients with cutaneous lichen planus?
What oral manifestation is common in more than 50% of patients with cutaneous lichen planus?
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In which disorder is a friable, red, pyogenic granuloma protruding from the gingiva commonly seen?
In which disorder is a friable, red, pyogenic granuloma protruding from the gingiva commonly seen?
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Which oral condition is most often considered precancerous and cannot be removed by scraping?
Which oral condition is most often considered precancerous and cannot be removed by scraping?
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What type of oral lesions are associated with monocytic leukemia?
What type of oral lesions are associated with monocytic leukemia?
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Which syndrome is characterized by multiple aneurysmal telangiectasias in the oral cavity and other systems?
Which syndrome is characterized by multiple aneurysmal telangiectasias in the oral cavity and other systems?
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What is a common trigger for the maculopapular eruption seen in Erythema multiforme?
What is a common trigger for the maculopapular eruption seen in Erythema multiforme?
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Which of the following is the most common benign tumor of the parotid gland?
Which of the following is the most common benign tumor of the parotid gland?
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What is the recurrence rate expected after enucleation of a pleomorphic adenoma?
What is the recurrence rate expected after enucleation of a pleomorphic adenoma?
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Which salivary gland tumor is characterized by a mixture of squamous and mucus cells?
Which salivary gland tumor is characterized by a mixture of squamous and mucus cells?
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In which salivary gland does adenoid cystic carcinoma commonly occur?
In which salivary gland does adenoid cystic carcinoma commonly occur?
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Which of the following statements about the likelihood of malignancy in salivary gland tumors is TRUE?
Which of the following statements about the likelihood of malignancy in salivary gland tumors is TRUE?
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What characterizes leukoplakia according to the World Health Organization?
What characterizes leukoplakia according to the World Health Organization?
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Which of the following statements about erythroplakia is true?
Which of the following statements about erythroplakia is true?
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What is the most prevalent location for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity?
What is the most prevalent location for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in the oral cavity?
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Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity?
Which of the following factors is NOT associated with an increased risk of squamous cell carcinoma in the oral cavity?
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What type of tumors do odontogenic tumors primarily derive from?
What type of tumors do odontogenic tumors primarily derive from?
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What is the primary histologic finding in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?
What is the primary histologic finding in squamous cell carcinoma of the oral cavity?
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Which statement about leukoplakia is true concerning its prevalence and risk of malignancy?
Which statement about leukoplakia is true concerning its prevalence and risk of malignancy?
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What distinguishes ameloblastoma from other odontogenic tumors?
What distinguishes ameloblastoma from other odontogenic tumors?
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Study Notes
Diseases of Oral Cavity & Esophagus
- Diseases of the oral cavity and esophagus are covered.
Oral Cavity Infections
- Herpes simplex infections are common, but often mild.
- Most orofacial herpes are caused by HSV-1.
- Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis includes vesicles and ulceration.
- Recurrent herpetic stomatitis is a recurring condition.
Oral Cavity Apthous Ulcers
- Common superficial ulcerations of oral mucosa.
- Ulcers are often single or multiple, shallow, and painful.
- They typically heal spontaneously but can be recurrent.
- Glossitis (inflammation of the tongue) can be present in deficiency states.
Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)
- Superficial white patches or fluffy membranes are characteristic.
- Easily detached, exposing a reddened underlying surface.
- Candida is a normal flora of the oral cavity.
- Commonly occurs in immunocompromised individuals(e.g., diabetics, neutropenic, or HIV patients).
- The commonest fungal infection of the oral cavity.
Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases
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Hairy leukoplakia is seen in immunocompromised patients (e.g., HIV patients).
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White fluffy thickenings on the lateral parts of the tongue are typically seen.
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Epstein-Barr virus is often the cause.
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Measles, infectious mononucleosis, diphtheria are infectious diseases with oral manifestations.
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Lichen planus, pemphigus, and erythema multiforme are dermatologic conditions affecting the 口腔.
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Conditions like phenytoin ingestion, pregnancy, and melanotic pigmentation can have oral manifestations.
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Addison disease, hemochromatosis, fibrous dysplasia of bone (e.g., Albright syndrome), and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome can sometimes cause oral pigmentation.
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Acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis can cause a gray-white exudative membrane.
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Lymph nodes in the neck may become enlarged (Diphtheria).
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Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (AIDS) predisposes individuals to opportunistic oral infections (e.g., herpesvirus, Candida, and other fungi) which sometimes manifest as oral lesions.
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Scarlet fever shows fiery red tongue with prominent papillae (raspberry tongue) or white coated tongue with hyperemic papillae (strawberry tongue).
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Measles presents with spotty enanthema, ulcerations on buccal mucosa, and Koplik spots.
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Infectious mononucleosis can show oral manifestations.
Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases (Dermatological Conditions)
- Lichen planus presents with reticulate, lace-like, white, keratotic lesions that may or may not be ulcerated.
- It can rarely be bullous (blisters).
- More than 50% of patients with cutaneous lichen planus have 口腔 involvement, although it's less common.
Oral Manifestations of Some Systemic Diseases (other)
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Pemphigus (usually vulgaris) shows vesicles—blister-like lesions—and bullae that rupture easily, leaving hyperemic erosions.
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Bullous pemphigoid resembles pemphigus macroscopically but differs histologically.
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Erythema multiforme is a maculopapular (skin rash) eruption that can affect the 口腔 or lips. It may be caused by infections, drugs, or other systemic conditions like collagen vascular disease or cancer.
Other
- Melanotic pigmentation may occur in conditions like Addison's disease, hemochromatosis, fibrous dysplasia of bone (Albright syndrome), and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
- Pregnancy can lead to gingival fibromas.
Odontogenic Tumors
- Odontogenic tumors are categorized as
- Epithelial, Ectomesenchyme, mixtures of both
Salivary Glands
- Inflammatory salivary gland conditions include acute and chronic sialadenitis.
- Minor salivary gland inflammation.
- Sialadenitis or Sialolithiasis.
- Viral infection which affect parotid gland.
- Autoimmune conditions that affect minor salivary glands are common.
Salivary Gland Tumors
- Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands.
- Mucoepidermoid carcinomas.
- Warthin tumors (adenolymphoma).
Tumors and Precancerous Lesions
- Oral squamous cell carcinoma and its associated precancerous lesions are covered.
- Leukoplakia and erythroplakia are prevalent precancerous lesions in the 口腔.
- Oral lesions such as squamous cell carcinoma, papillomas, hemangiomas and lymphomas are in other locations in the body
Hematologic Disorders
- Pancytopenia (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia).
- Oral infections such as gingivitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis are common.
- Conditions like monocytic and other leukemias can affect the gingiva.
Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia
- The clinical and histologic features of both oral conditions leukoplakia and erythroplakia are discussed; prevalence, morphology, and associations of both.
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Description
Test your knowledge on the various diseases affecting the oral cavity and esophagus. This quiz covers infections, ulcers, and candidiasis, focusing on their characteristics, causes, and implications for health. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals interested in oral health.
