Diseases of Oral Cavity & Esophagus Quiz

Diseases of Oral Cavity & Esophagus

• Diseases of the oral cavity and esophagus are covered.

Oral Cavity Infections

• Herpes simplex infections are common, but often mild.
• Most orofacial herpes are caused by HSV-1.
• Acute herpetic gingivostomatitis includes vesicles and ulceration.
• Recurrent herpetic stomatitis is a recurring condition.

Oral Cavity Apthous Ulcers

• Common superficial ulcerations of oral mucosa.
• Ulcers are often single or multiple, shallow, and painful.
• They typically heal spontaneously but can be recurrent.
• Glossitis (inflammation of the tongue) can be present in deficiency states.

Oral Candidiasis (Thrush)

• Superficial white patches or fluffy membranes are characteristic.
• Easily detached, exposing a reddened underlying surface.
• Candida is a normal flora of the oral cavity.
• Commonly occurs in immunocompromised individuals(e.g., diabetics, neutropenic, or HIV patients).
• The commonest fungal infection of the oral cavity.

Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases

• Hairy leukoplakia is seen in immunocompromised patients (e.g., HIV patients).

• White fluffy thickenings on the lateral parts of the tongue are typically seen.

• Epstein-Barr virus is often the cause.

• Measles, infectious mononucleosis, diphtheria are infectious diseases with oral manifestations.

• Lichen planus, pemphigus, and erythema multiforme are dermatologic conditions affecting the 口腔.

• Conditions like phenytoin ingestion, pregnancy, and melanotic pigmentation can have oral manifestations.

• Addison disease, hemochromatosis, fibrous dysplasia of bone (e.g., Albright syndrome), and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome can sometimes cause oral pigmentation.

• Acute pharyngitis and tonsillitis can cause a gray-white exudative membrane.

• Lymph nodes in the neck may become enlarged (Diphtheria).

• Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection (AIDS) predisposes individuals to opportunistic oral infections (e.g., herpesvirus, Candida, and other fungi) which sometimes manifest as oral lesions.

• Scarlet fever shows fiery red tongue with prominent papillae (raspberry tongue) or white coated tongue with hyperemic papillae (strawberry tongue).

• Measles presents with spotty enanthema, ulcerations on buccal mucosa, and Koplik spots.

• Infectious mononucleosis can show oral manifestations.

Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases (Dermatological Conditions)

• Lichen planus presents with reticulate, lace-like, white, keratotic lesions that may or may not be ulcerated.
• It can rarely be bullous (blisters).
• More than 50% of patients with cutaneous lichen planus have 口腔 involvement, although it's less common.

Oral Manifestations of Some Systemic Diseases (other)

• Pemphigus (usually vulgaris) shows vesicles—blister-like lesions—and bullae that rupture easily, leaving hyperemic erosions.

• Bullous pemphigoid resembles pemphigus macroscopically but differs histologically.

• Erythema multiforme is a maculopapular (skin rash) eruption that can affect the 口腔 or lips. It may be caused by infections, drugs, or other systemic conditions like collagen vascular disease or cancer.

Other

• Melanotic pigmentation may occur in conditions like Addison's disease, hemochromatosis, fibrous dysplasia of bone (Albright syndrome), and Peutz-Jeghers syndrome.
• Pregnancy can lead to gingival fibromas.

Odontogenic Tumors

• Odontogenic tumors are categorized as
• Epithelial, Ectomesenchyme, mixtures of both

Salivary Glands

• Inflammatory salivary gland conditions include acute and chronic sialadenitis.
• Minor salivary gland inflammation.
• Sialadenitis or Sialolithiasis.
• Viral infection which affect parotid gland.
• Autoimmune conditions that affect minor salivary glands are common.

Salivary Gland Tumors

• Pleomorphic adenoma of salivary glands.
• Mucoepidermoid carcinomas.
• Warthin tumors (adenolymphoma).

Tumors and Precancerous Lesions

• Oral squamous cell carcinoma and its associated precancerous lesions are covered.
• Leukoplakia and erythroplakia are prevalent precancerous lesions in the 口腔.
• Oral lesions such as squamous cell carcinoma, papillomas, hemangiomas and lymphomas are in other locations in the body

Hematologic Disorders

• Pancytopenia (agranulocytosis, aplastic anemia).
• Oral infections such as gingivitis, pharyngitis, and tonsillitis are common.
• Conditions like monocytic and other leukemias can affect the gingiva.

Leukoplakia and Erythroplakia

• The clinical and histologic features of both oral conditions leukoplakia and erythroplakia are discussed; prevalence, morphology, and associations of both.