Podcast
Questions and Answers
Which type of genetic test determines if an individual carries a gene for a hereditary condition?
Which type of genetic test determines if an individual carries a gene for a hereditary condition?
What is a primary ethical concern associated with genetic research and testing?
What is a primary ethical concern associated with genetic research and testing?
Which of the following best describes pharmacogenomics in personalized medicine?
Which of the following best describes pharmacogenomics in personalized medicine?
What is a common sign of drug addiction?
What is a common sign of drug addiction?
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Which type of medication is available only with a doctor’s order?
Which type of medication is available only with a doctor’s order?
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Which of the following is a common side effect of medications that should be monitored?
Which of the following is a common side effect of medications that should be monitored?
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What is an essential strategy for responsible medication management?
What is an essential strategy for responsible medication management?
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What effect does smoking have on lung cancer risk?
What effect does smoking have on lung cancer risk?
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What is the primary characteristic of pathogens?
What is the primary characteristic of pathogens?
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Which mode of transmission involves physical touch?
Which mode of transmission involves physical touch?
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Which component is part of the innate immune system?
Which component is part of the innate immune system?
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What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?
What is the role of memory cells in the immune system?
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Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
Which of the following is an example of a vector-borne disease?
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How do vaccines enhance the immune system?
How do vaccines enhance the immune system?
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Which best describes Mendelian inheritance?
Which best describes Mendelian inheritance?
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What is an example of a polygenic trait?
What is an example of a polygenic trait?
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Study Notes
Infections and Immunity
- Pathogens: Microorganisms causing infections (bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites).
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Transmission Modes:
- Direct contact: physical touch
- Indirect contact: contaminated surfaces
- Airborne transmission: droplets from coughs/sneezes
- Vector-borne: carried by insects
- Innate Immunity: Body's first defense (skin, mucous membranes, inflammatory response, white blood cells).
- Adaptive Immunity: Specific, learned responses (T cells targeting infected cells, B cells producing antibodies).
- Memory Cells: Enable faster responses to future infections.
- Prevention: Vaccinations (weakened/inactive pathogens), hygiene (handwashing, sanitizing), healthy lifestyle.
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Common Infectious Diseases/Symptoms:
- Cold/Flu: runny nose, fever, fatigue
- Tuberculosis: persistent cough, weight loss, night sweats
- HIV/AIDS: weakened immune system, opportunistic infections
Genetics and Health
- DNA Structure: Double helix composed of nucleotides, carrying genetic instructions.
- Genes: Specific DNA sequences coding for traits/functions.
- Mendelian Inheritance: Dominant/recessive traits passed through alleles (e.g., eye colour, cystic fibrosis).
- Polygenic Traits: Influenced by multiple genes (e.g., height, skin colour).
- Gene-Environment Interactions (Epigenetics): Environmental factors modifying gene expression without DNA changes. Examples include diet, stress, and toxins.
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Genetic Tests:
- Diagnostic tests: Confirm/rule out genetic disorders.
- Carrier screening: Check for gene-carrying conditions.
- Predictive testing: Estimate likelihood of developing conditions.
- Ethical Considerations: Privacy, discrimination risks, informed consent.
- Personalized Medicine: Tailoring treatments using genetic info; example – pharmacogenomics.
Responsible Drug Use
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Types of Drugs:
- Prescription medications: for specific medical conditions (e.g., antibiotics).
- Over-the-counter medications: for minor ailments (e.g., pain relievers).
- Illicit substances: illegal drugs with harmful effects.
- Proper Use: Understanding drug interactions (e.g., increased bleeding risk), managing side effects (drowsiness, nausea, allergies).
- Safe Storage/Disposal: Cool, dry place, away from children; follow guidelines for disposal via drug take-back programs.
- Signs of Drug Abuse/Addiction: Compulsive use, withdrawal symptoms, neglecting responsibilities.
- Health Consequences: Liver damage, cardiovascular issues, mental health problems.
- Responsible Management: Tracking medication, communicating with healthcare providers, understanding short-term/long-term effects.
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Description
Test your knowledge on infections, immunity, and disease prevention. This quiz covers various pathogens, modes of transmission, and the body's defense mechanisms, including innate and adaptive immunity. Understand the importance of vaccinations and hygiene in maintaining health.
