Unit 2: Asepsis and Infection Control

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Questions and Answers

Which of the following practices is NOT part of standard precautions?

  • Safe injection practices
  • Isolation procedures (correct)
  • Hand hygiene
  • Use of PPE

Which statement accurately describes the difference between medical asepsis and surgical asepsis?

  • Medical asepsis increases the number of pathogens.
  • Both eliminate all pathogens.
  • Medical asepsis reduces the number of pathogens. (correct)
  • Surgical asepsis reduces the number of pathogens.

What type of protective equipment is required for airborne precautions?

  • Gloves
  • N95 respirator (correct)
  • Face shield
  • Surgical mask

Which factor can indicate that sterility has been compromised?

<p>Torn or wet packaging (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which emerging infectious disease is associated with antibiotic resistance?

<p>Antibiotic-resistant bacteria (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which method is NOT typically used to practice medical asepsis?

<p>Sterilization (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a key nursing intervention for infection control?

<p>Patient isolation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the main goal of using contact precautions?

<p>To reduce pathogen transmission through direct contact. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a major characteristic of adaptive immunity?

<p>Memory formation for specific pathogens (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following represents a component of respiratory hygiene?

<p>Cough etiquette (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which stage of infection is characterized by the presence of mild and early symptoms?

<p>Prodromal (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the purpose of patient education in infection control?

<p>To inform about the importance of cleanliness and hygiene. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

How does a compromised immune system affect the risk of infection?

<p>It increases the likelihood of developing infections (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following correctly describes latent infections?

<p>Dormant periods with potential for reactivation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In the chain of infection, what does the 'portal of exit' refer to?

<p>The route through which a pathogen leaves the reservoir (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a common symptom of systemic infections?

<p>Fever and chills throughout the body (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of immunity involves B cells and T cells?

<p>Adaptive immunity (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor is NOT commonly associated with an increased risk of developing infections?

<p>Engaging in regular physical exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of infection has a rapid onset and short duration?

<p>Acute (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

In which stage of infection is the immune response beginning to take effect, leading to a decrease in symptoms?

<p>Convalescence stage (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Physical & Chemical Barriers

The body's first line of defense against infection, including skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid.

Innate Immunity

A rapid, non-specific immune response involving white blood cells like phagocytes and natural killer cells.

Adaptive Immunity

A specific immune response that targets specific pathogens and develops memory to fight them off more effectively in the future.

Incubation Period

The stage of infection where the pathogen enters the body but symptoms are not yet present.

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Prodromal Stage

The stage of infection where mild but nonspecific symptoms start to appear.

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Illness Stage

The most severe stage of infection, where distinct symptoms specific to the pathogen are present.

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Decline Stage

The stage of infection where symptoms start to decrease as the immune system gains control.

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Convalescence Stage

The final stage of infection, where the body recovers and returns to its normal state.

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Localized Infection

An infection that is confined to a specific area of the body and does not spread.

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Systemic Infection

An infection that spreads throughout the body and affects multiple organs or systems.

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Infection prevention measures

Practices like hand hygiene, PPE use, sterilization, isolation, and patient education aim to stop infection spread.

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Standard Precautions

Standard Precautions apply to all patients, assuming they may have an infection. They include hand hygiene, PPE, respiratory precautions, and safe injection practices.

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Transmission-based Precautions

Transmission-based Precautions target specific infections by adding extra protection measures based on the mode of transmission.

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Contact Precautions

Contact Precautions focus on preventing contact with potentially infectious patients or surfaces. Requires gown and gloves.

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Droplet Precautions

Droplet Precautions protect from droplets spreading through the air in close contact, like coughing. Requires mask, face shield/goggles.

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Airborne Precautions

Airborne Precautions are used for infections spread through the air for longer distances. Requires N95 respirator and negative pressure room.

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Medical Asepsis

Medical asepsis seeks to reduce the number of pathogens, maintaining cleanliness and preventing contamination. It includes hand hygiene, disinfection, and using barriers.

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Surgical Asepsis

Surgical asepsis aims to eliminate all pathogens to create a sterile field, ensuring maximum safety during procedures. Requires specialized techniques and supplies.

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Compromised Sterility

Things like torn or wet packaging, expired dates, and damaged or contaminated equipment indicate compromised sterility, increasing the risk of infection.

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Emerging Infectious Diseases

Emerging infectious diseases pose new threats to global health. The nurse's role involves surveillance, patient education, infection control practices, and promoting vaccination.

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Study Notes

Unit 2: Asepsis and Infection Control

  • Differentiating the Body's Natural Defenses Against Infection

    • Components of the Three Defenses:
      • Physical and Chemical Barriers: Skin, mucous membranes, and stomach acid
      • Innate Immune System: Phagocytes, natural killer cells, and inflammation
      • Adaptive Immune System: B cells and T cells
    • Types of Immunity:
      • Innate Immunity: Immediate, non-specific defense
      • Adaptive Immunity: Specific defense with memory, involving humoral (B cells) and cell-mediated (T cells) immunity

  • Factors Increasing Infection Risk

    • Compromised immune system
    • Chronic diseases (e.g., diabetes, HIV)
    • Poor hygiene
    • Age (very young or elderly)
    • Hospitalization or surgical procedures

  • Stages of Infection

    • Incubation: Pathogen entry to symptom onset
    • Prodromal: Early, mild symptoms
    • Illness: Severe and specific symptoms

Localized vs. Systemic Infections

  • Localized Infections: Redness, swelling, warmth, pain, pus
  • Systemic Infections: Fever, chills, fatigue, body aches

Infection Classifications

  • Acute: Rapid onset, short duration
  • Chronic: Slow progression, long duration
  • Latent: Dormant periods with potential reactivation

Chain of Infection

  • Infectious Agent: Pathogen causing disease
  • Reservoir: Where the pathogen lives
  • Portal of Exit: Pathway pathogen leaves the reservoir
  • Mode of Transmission: How the pathogen spreads
  • Portal of Entry: Pathway pathogen enters a new host
  • Susceptible Host: Individual at risk

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