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Questions and Answers
What is a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?
What is a healthcare-associated infection (HAI)?
An infection acquired within a healthcare setting during the delivery of medical care.
What occurs during an infection?
What occurs during an infection?
Pathogens invade and multiply within the body.
What is infection prevention?
What is infection prevention?
Set of methods practiced in healthcare facilities to prevent and control the spread of disease.
Define localized infection.
Define localized infection.
What is a microorganism/microbe?
What is a microorganism/microbe?
What is a pathogen?
What is a pathogen?
What is a systemic infection?
What is a systemic infection?
Which link in the chain of infection is broken by wearing gloves, thus preventing the spread of disease?
Which link in the chain of infection is broken by wearing gloves, thus preventing the spread of disease?
By getting a vaccination shot for hepatitis B, which link will a person affect to prevent him from getting this disease?
By getting a vaccination shot for hepatitis B, which link will a person affect to prevent him from getting this disease?
Which of the following is the primary route of disease transmission within the healthcare setting?
Which of the following is the primary route of disease transmission within the healthcare setting?
In what type of environment do microorganisms grow best?
In what type of environment do microorganisms grow best?
The elderly are at a higher risk for infection than younger people.
The elderly are at a higher risk for infection than younger people.
It is normal for a person's immune system to grow weaker as they age.
It is normal for a person's immune system to grow weaker as they age.
Blood circulation increases as a person ages.
Blood circulation increases as a person ages.
Limited mobility increases the risk of pressure injuries among the elderly.
Limited mobility increases the risk of pressure injuries among the elderly.
Nutrition is not normally a factor in preventing infections.
Nutrition is not normally a factor in preventing infections.
The elderly are less likely than younger people to have healthcare-associated infections.
The elderly are less likely than younger people to have healthcare-associated infections.
Infections are less dangerous in the elderly than in younger people.
Infections are less dangerous in the elderly than in younger people.
Nursing assistants play an important role in protecting elderly residents from infections.
Nursing assistants play an important role in protecting elderly residents from infections.
Following Standard Precautions means treating blood and other body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected.
Following Standard Precautions means treating blood and other body fluids, non-intact skin, and mucous membranes as if they were infected.
Under Standard Precautions, body fluids do not include saliva.
Under Standard Precautions, body fluids do not include saliva.
A nursing assistant should wash her hands before donning (putting on) gloves.
A nursing assistant should wash her hands before donning (putting on) gloves.
A nursing assistant should carefully recap used syringes before putting them in a biohazard container.
A nursing assistant should carefully recap used syringes before putting them in a biohazard container.
Giving mouth care is one task that requires an NA to wear gloves.
Giving mouth care is one task that requires an NA to wear gloves.
A mask and goggles may need to be worn when emptying a bedpan.
A mask and goggles may need to be worn when emptying a bedpan.
Biomedical/biohazardous waste that is not sharp should be discarded in a regular trash bag.
Biomedical/biohazardous waste that is not sharp should be discarded in a regular trash bag.
Standard Precautions should be practiced on which individuals?
Standard Precautions should be practiced on which individuals?
What measures include Standard Precautions?
What measures include Standard Precautions?
Which of the following is true of Transmission-Based Precautions?
Which of the following is true of Transmission-Based Precautions?
How should sharps be discarded?
How should sharps be discarded?
What does the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) do?
What does the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) do?
When will a nursing assistant come into contact with microorganisms?
When will a nursing assistant come into contact with microorganisms?
How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define hand hygiene?
How does the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) define hand hygiene?
When are alcohol-based hand rubs used?
When are alcohol-based hand rubs used?
Why should a nursing assistant not wear artificial nails to work?
Why should a nursing assistant not wear artificial nails to work?
How long should a nursing assistant use friction when lathering and washing her hands?
How long should a nursing assistant use friction when lathering and washing her hands?
List tasks that require a nursing assistant to wear gloves.
List tasks that require a nursing assistant to wear gloves.
What type of personal protective equipment may be needed when caring for a resident with a respiratory illness?
What type of personal protective equipment may be needed when caring for a resident with a respiratory illness?
What type of personal protective equipment is used most often by caregivers?
What type of personal protective equipment is used most often by caregivers?
How many times can a gown be worn before it needs to be discarded?
How many times can a gown be worn before it needs to be discarded?
If blood or body fluids may be splashed or sprayed into the eye area, ______ provide proper protection for the eyes.
If blood or body fluids may be splashed or sprayed into the eye area, ______ provide proper protection for the eyes.
What did Zoe do incorrectly when putting on her gown?
What did Zoe do incorrectly when putting on her gown?
Identify Zoe's error in tying her mask.
Identify Zoe's error in tying her mask.
What mistakes did Zoe make when putting on her gloves?
What mistakes did Zoe make when putting on her gloves?
What is the correct order for donning (putting on) PPE?
What is the correct order for donning (putting on) PPE?
What is the correct order for doffing (removing) PPE?
What is the correct order for doffing (removing) PPE?
Which type of personal protective equipment must be removed after exiting the resident's room?
Which type of personal protective equipment must be removed after exiting the resident's room?
What is sterilization?
What is sterilization?
What is disinfection?
What is disinfection?
What does disposable mean?
What does disposable mean?
What does 'clean' mean in health care?
What does 'clean' mean in health care?
What does 'dirty' mean in health care?
What does 'dirty' mean in health care?
How many times can disposable equipment be used before it needs to be discarded?
How many times can disposable equipment be used before it needs to be discarded?
How should dirty linen be rolled or folded?
How should dirty linen be rolled or folded?
How should dirty linen be handled?
How should dirty linen be handled?
A nursing assistant does not need to wear gloves to clean up a very small spill.
A nursing assistant does not need to wear gloves to clean up a very small spill.
Disinfectant should be placed directly on the spilled fluid before absorbing and removing the fluid.
Disinfectant should be placed directly on the spilled fluid before absorbing and removing the fluid.
A nursing assistant should use her hands to pick up large pieces of broken glass and use a broom and dustpan for smaller pieces.
A nursing assistant should use her hands to pick up large pieces of broken glass and use a broom and dustpan for smaller pieces.
Waste containing blood or body fluids should be disposed of in the resident's trash can and the housekeeping department should be notified.
Waste containing blood or body fluids should be disposed of in the resident's trash can and the housekeeping department should be notified.
An absorbing powder may be used to absorb the spill before removing it.
An absorbing powder may be used to absorb the spill before removing it.
What are Contact Precautions used for?
What are Contact Precautions used for?
What are Airborne Precautions used for?
What are Airborne Precautions used for?
What are Droplet Precautions?
What are Droplet Precautions?
What precautions help prevent the spread of Clostridioides difficile (C.diff) and conjunctivitis?
What precautions help prevent the spread of Clostridioides difficile (C.diff) and conjunctivitis?
How do Droplet Precautions help?
How do Droplet Precautions help?
What is the purpose of Droplet Precautions?
What is the purpose of Droplet Precautions?
What is the purpose of Airborne Precautions?
What is the purpose of Airborne Precautions?
Which precautions help protect against influenza?
Which precautions help protect against influenza?
What may require the use of a special mask, such as an N95 or HEPA mask?
What may require the use of a special mask, such as an N95 or HEPA mask?
When are Transmission-Based Precautions used?
When are Transmission-Based Precautions used?
What is dedicated equipment?
What is dedicated equipment?
Nursing assistants should remove PPE before exiting a resident's room.
Nursing assistants should remove PPE before exiting a resident's room.
How can bloodborne diseases be transmitted?
How can bloodborne diseases be transmitted?
According to OSHA, what is the most common way to be infected by a bloodborne disease?
According to OSHA, what is the most common way to be infected by a bloodborne disease?
How does the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect the body?
How does the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) affect the body?
What is true of hepatitis B (HBV)?
What is true of hepatitis B (HBV)?
Employers must offer a free vaccine to protect NAs from?
Employers must offer a free vaccine to protect NAs from?
What does the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard require?
What does the Bloodborne Pathogens Standard require?
Which exposure does OSHA consider significant?
Which exposure does OSHA consider significant?
According to OSHA, what must employers provide?
According to OSHA, what must employers provide?
Why is it important for an employee to report any potential exposures immediately?
Why is it important for an employee to report any potential exposures immediately?
How is tuberculosis transmitted?
How is tuberculosis transmitted?
What is tuberculosis classified as?
What is tuberculosis classified as?
What does someone with latent TB infection do?
What does someone with latent TB infection do?
What does a person with TB disease do?
What does a person with TB disease do?
What condition increases the likelihood of developing TB disease?
What condition increases the likelihood of developing TB disease?
What does resistant mean in multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)?
What does resistant mean in multidrug-resistant TB (MDR-TB)?
What is the abbreviation of the virus that causes COVID-19?
What is the abbreviation of the virus that causes COVID-19?
COVID-19 is classified as a(n) _______ and _______ disease.
COVID-19 is classified as a(n) _______ and _______ disease.
People who experience severe symptoms of COVID-19 may need to be treated with a(n)?
People who experience severe symptoms of COVID-19 may need to be treated with a(n)?
Which of the following contributes significantly to the spread of COVID-19?
Which of the following contributes significantly to the spread of COVID-19?
In which of the following scenarios is it most likely that COVID-19 could be transmitted?
In which of the following scenarios is it most likely that COVID-19 could be transmitted?
Which of the following conditions puts a person at a higher risk of serious complications and death from COVID-19?
Which of the following conditions puts a person at a higher risk of serious complications and death from COVID-19?
In general, how long can a person be infected with COVID-19 before showing symptoms?
In general, how long can a person be infected with COVID-19 before showing symptoms?
Which of the following types of PPE will always be used when caring for a resident with COVID-19?
Which of the following types of PPE will always be used when caring for a resident with COVID-19?
Not touching _______ can help prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Not touching _______ can help prevent the spread of COVID-19.
Which of the following guidelines is true of wearing masks during a COVID-19 outbreak?
Which of the following guidelines is true of wearing masks during a COVID-19 outbreak?
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is almost always spread by direct physical contact.
Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) is almost always spread by direct physical contact.
Study Notes
Healthcare-Associated Infections (HAIs)
- HAIs are infections acquired in healthcare settings during medical care delivery.
- Pathogens invade the body, leading to infections.
Infection Control Measures
- Infection prevention involves methods to control disease spread in healthcare facilities.
- Localized infections affect specific body locations, while systemic infections spread through the bloodstream.
Chain of Infection
- Breaking the mode of transmission (e.g., wearing gloves) helps prevent disease spread.
- Vaccinations can protect susceptible hosts from infections like hepatitis B.
Hand Hygiene
- Healthcare workers' hands are primary routes for disease transmission.
- Microorganisms thrive in warm, moist environments.
- Hand hygiene includes washing with soap and water or using alcohol-based hand rubs for at least 20 seconds.
Vulnerable Populations
- Elderly individuals are at higher risk for infections and have weakened immune systems.
- Limited mobility increases the risk of pressure injuries among the elderly.
Standard and Transmission-Based Precautions
- Standard Precautions treat all blood and body fluids as potentially infectious.
- Personal protective equipment (PPE), including gloves and masks, is essential for certain tasks.
- Sharps must be disposed of in puncture-resistant biohazard containers.
- Transmission-Based Precautions are additional measures to prevent disease spread.
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Protocol
- Correct order for donning PPE: gown, mask, goggles, gloves.
- Correct order for doffing PPE: gloves, goggles, gown, mask.
- Gowns and masks must be used according to the specific nature of the infection risk.
Waste Management and Cleaning
- Sterilization destroys all microorganisms, while disinfection eliminates most pathogens.
- Dirty linen should be folded so that the dirty side is inside and carried away from a caregiver's uniform.
- PPE should be used for cleaning spills to minimize contamination risk.
Bloodborne Pathogens
- Bloodborne diseases can transmit through infected blood entering the bloodstream.
- HIV weakens the immune system, while hepatitis B (HBV) can spread through contaminated needles.
- OSHA mandates employers provide PPE to protect against workplace hazards.
Tuberculosis (TB)
- TB is an airborne disease that can spread through coughing.
- Latent TB infections do not transmit to others, while active TB can.
- Individuals with weakened immune systems are more susceptible to developing TB disease.
COVID-19 Considerations
- COVID-19 is classified as both droplet and airborne; severe cases may require ventilator support.
- Transmission risk is higher in poorly ventilated enclosed spaces and close proximity to infected individuals.
- Masks are crucial in preventing COVID-19 spread, especially in healthcare settings.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus (MRSA)
- MRSA is predominantly spread through direct contact; vigilance is necessary to prevent transmission.
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Description
Test your knowledge on infection prevention and control concepts from Chapter 5. This quiz covers healthcare-associated infections, general infection definitions, and prevention methods in healthcare settings. Perfect for students and healthcare professionals looking to refresh their understanding of essential practices.
