Infection Control Principles Chapter 5
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Questions and Answers

Where are Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) obtained from?

  • Local health department
  • The product manufacturer (correct)
  • Government regulations
  • Product users

    • Regulatory agencies and governmental health departments require businesses that serve the public to follow what?

    Prescribed sanitary precautions.

    Bacteria are very small and can only be seen with the aid of what tool?

    A microscope.

    One-celled microorganisms with both plant and animal characteristics are called what?

    <p>Bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Nonpathogenic bacteria help metabolize food, protect against infectious microorganisms, and what?

    <p>Stimulate the immune response.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria can exist where?

    <p>Almost anywhere.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A small minority of bacteria that cause disease when invading plant or animal tissue are called what?

    <p>Pathogenic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A type of pathogenic bacteria that require living matter for growth are called what?

    <p>Parasites.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pus-forming bacteria arranged in curved lines resembling a string of beads are known as?

    <p>Streptococci.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Cocci are pathogenic bacteria that are what shape?

    <p>Round-shaped.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria that may cause strep throat or blood poisoning are called?

    <p>Streptococci.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria that grow in pairs and can cause pneumonia are known as what?

    <p>Diplococci.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Lyme disease, syphilis, or sexually transmitted diseases (STD) are caused by what type of bacteria?

    <p>Sprilla.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Pathogenic bacteria in humans are known to produce what?

    <p>Diseases.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria that are transmitted through the air and rarely show active motility are called?

    <p>Cocci.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacilli and spirilla bacteria are motile and use what structures?

    <p>Flagella.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Harmless bacteria are classified as what type of bacteria?

    <p>Nonpathogenic bacteria.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Mycobacterium fortuitum furunculosis caused a client outbreak in whirlpool foot spas due to a failure to follow what guidelines?

    <p>Proper disinfection guidelines.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria generally consist of an outer wall containing what liquid?

    <p>Protoplasm.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The life cycle of bacteria includes an inactive or spore-forming stage alongside which other phase?

    <p>The active stage.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process whereby bacteria grow, reproduce, and divide into two new cells is called what?

    <p>Mitosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Bacteria that pose little or no risk to a client in a salon setting but are dangerous in a medical setting are which types?

    <p>Anthrax and tetanus bacilli.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The presence of pus is a sign of what kind of infection?

    <p>Bacterial infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When body tissues are invaded by pathogenic bacteria, it is indicative of what?

    <p>An infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Common human bacteria transferred through skin-to-skin contact or by using unclean implements are known as what?

    <p>Staphylococci.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a disease spreads from one person to another, it is referred to as what?

    <p>Contagious.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An infection indicated by a lesion containing pus, confined to a particular part of the body is called what?

    <p>Local infection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When a disease spreads from one person to another by contact, it is contagious.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A submicroscopic structure capable of infecting plants and animals including bacteria is known as what?

    <p>Virus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A virus can live and reproduce only by doing what?

    <p>Penetrating other cells and becoming a part of them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Hepatitis A, a bloodborne virus, is marked by an inflammation of which organ?

    <p>Liver.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) is the virus that causes what?

    <p>Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An organism that lives on another living organism and draws its nourishment from that organism is called what?

    <p>Parasite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    If nail implements have not been disinfected properly, what may a client contract?

    <p>Nail fungus.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disease-causing bacteria or viruses carried through the body in blood or body fluids are known as what?

    <p>Bloodborne pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Transmission of bloodborne pathogens can occur through what activities?

    <p>Shaving, nipping, facial treatments, waxing, tweezing, or any time the skin barrier is broken.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A skin disease caused by an infestation of head lice is known as what?

    <p>Pediculosis.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The ability of the body to destroy pathogenic bacteria or viruses that have entered the body is known as what?

    <p>Immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The type of immunity the body develops after overcoming a disease or through vaccinations is called what?

    <p>Acquired immunity.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The surface of tools or objects not completely free from dirt, oils, and microbes are covered with what?

    <p>Contaminants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The process of removing pathogens and other substances from tools and surfaces is known as what?

    <p>Decontamination.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The three main types of decontamination are?

    <p>Sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Decontamination is a process that involves the use of what?

    <p>Physical or chemical means to remove or destroy pathogens.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Estheticians who use needles and probes that lance the skin must use a level of decontamination called what?

    <p>Sterilization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the salon setting, disinfection is extremely effective in controlling what?

    <p>Microorganisms on non-living surfaces.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A higher level of decontamination than sanitation is known as what?

    <p>Disinfection.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    An exception to the level of protection that disinfection provides could occur if what happens?

    <p>The client's skin is broken.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A chemical agent that is used to destroy bacteria and viruses on surfaces is called what?

    <p>Disinfectant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disinfectants must have a registration number and be approved by which agency?

    <p>Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A manufacturer must supply pertinent safety and storage information by providing what?

    <p>Material Safety Data Sheets.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The agency that enforces safety and health standards in the workplace is called what?

    <p>OSHA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A disinfectant that meets regulatory agency requirements for destroying bacteria, fungi, and viruses is described as?

    <p>Bacterial, fungicidal, and virucidal.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A disinfectant used in salons should be appropriate and have the correct what?

    <p>Efficacy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    After coming into contact with blood or body fluids, a salon implement should be cleaned and what?

    <p>Completely immersed in an EPA-registered disinfectant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Any item that cannot be disinfected after use on a client must be what?

    <p>Discarded.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Common, very safe, and useful types of disinfectants that disinfect implements in 10 to 15 minutes are known as what?

    <p>Quaternary ammonium compounds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Disinfectant with a high pH that can cause skin irritation or burns are called what?

    <p>Phenolic disinfectants.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To be effective in disinfecting implements, ethyl alcohol must be no less than what percentage?

    <p>70 percent.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A common household product used effectively as a disinfectant is what?

    <p>Sodium hypochlorite.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When mixing a disinfectant solution, you should add disinfectant to water and do what?

    <p>Mix according to the manufacturer's exact directions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    To avoid contaminating implements, remove them from a disinfectant solution using what?

    <p>Tongs, basket, or gloves.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Store a clean, disinfected implement in what?

    <p>A clean, dry container.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Individual towels and linens must be set aside to be laundered how often?

    <p>After use on a client.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The contact points of equipment that cannot be immersed in liquid solutions should be cleaned and disinfected using what?

    <p>Regulatory oversight agency approved disinfectant.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    At the end of the day, the disinfection procedure for a foot spa should include what steps?

    <p>Flushing the system with low-sudsing soap and warm water for 10 minutes, rinsing, draining, and letting air-dry.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Every week, foot spas should be cleaned following the daily procedure and filled with what?

    <p>A disinfectant solution and left at least 6 to 10 hours, then drained and flushed.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Any disposable material used in cleaning blood spills should be what?

    <p>Placed in double bags before disposing or placed in a container for contaminated waste.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The first step in the decontamination process is called what?

    <p>Sanitation.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    When using liquid soap, how long should you scrub your hands and lather?

    <p>At least 20 seconds.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The use of bar soap is prohibited in most salons because it may promote the growth of resistant strains.

    <p>True</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Antiseptics are effective for what purpose?

    <p>Sanitizing the hands.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    The agency that sets the standard for dealing with bloodborne pathogens is what?

    <p>OSHA.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Universal precautions require employees to assume that human blood and body fluids are infectious for what reason?

    <p>The prevention of disease transmission.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    A client that is infected with Hepatitis B or other bloodborne pathogens and shows no symptoms or signs of infection is known as what?

    <p>Asymptomatic.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infection Control Principles and Practices

    • Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDSs) are provided by the product manufacturer to offer safety and storage information.
    • Regulatory agencies require businesses that serve the public to follow prescribed sanitary precautions to protect public health.
    • Bacteria are microscopic and can only be seen with the aid of a microscope.
    • Bacteria are one-celled microorganisms that exhibit both plant and animal characteristics.
    • Nonpathogenic bacteria help in food metabolism, protecting against infections, and stimulating the immune response.
    • Bacteria can exist almost anywhere in various environments.
    • Pathogenic bacteria are harmful and can invade plant or animal tissues, causing disease.
    • Parasites are a type of pathogenic bacteria that require living matter to grow.
    • Streptococci are pus-forming bacteria aligned in curved lines resembling strings of beads.
    • Cocci are round-shaped pathogenic bacteria that commonly spread through air and have limited motility.
    • Diplococci grow in pairs and have the potential to cause pneumonia.
    • Sprilla are spiral-shaped bacteria associated with diseases such as Lyme disease and syphilis.
    • Pathogenic bacteria in humans are known to produce various diseases.
    • Flagella are slender, hairlike extensions that allow bacilli and spirilla bacteria to move.
    • Nonpathogenic bacteria are classified as harmless microorganisms.
    • In 2000, a specific outbreak linked to whirlpool foot spas was caused by Mycobacterium fortuitum due to improper disinfection.
    • Bacteria consist of an outer wall and a liquid called protoplasm.
    • The life cycle of bacteria features two stages: the active stage and the inactive or spore-forming stage.
    • Mitosis is the process through which bacteria reproduce and divide into two cells.
    • Certain bacteria, like anthrax and tetanus bacilli, pose minimal risk in salons but are dangerous in medical contexts.
    • The presence of pus typically indicates a bacterial infection.
    • An infection occurs when pathogenic bacteria invade body tissues.
    • Staphylococci are common bacteria transmitted via skin-to-skin contact or unclean implements.
    • A disease that can spread from person to person is referred to as contagious.
    • A local infection is confined to a specific body area and often indicated by pus-filled lesions.
    • Viruses are submicroscopic entities capable of infecting living organisms, including bacteria.
    • Viruses reproduce by penetrating other cells and becoming part of them.
    • Hepatitis A is marked by an inflammation of the liver.
    • HIV causes Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS).
    • A parasite lives on another organism and obtains nutrients from it.
    • Improperly disinfected nail implements may lead to nail fungus infections.
    • Bloodborne pathogens are bacteria or viruses transmitted through blood or body fluids.
    • Transmission of bloodborne pathogens can occur when the skin barrier is broken.
    • Pediculosis is a skin condition resulting from an infestation of lice.
    • Immunity is the body’s ability to destroy pathogens entering it.
    • Acquired immunity develops after recovering from a disease or via vaccinations.
    • Contaminants refer to surfaces or objects that are not completely free from dirt, oils, and microbes.
    • Decontamination involves removing pathogens from tools and surfaces stepwise.
    • The three primary types of decontamination are sanitation, disinfection, and sterilization.
    • Decontamination methods can employ either physical or chemical means to eliminate pathogens.
    • Sterilization is crucial for estheticians using needles or probes that penetrate skin.
    • Disinfection is particularly effective in controlling microorganisms on non-living surfaces.
    • Disinfection is a more advanced level than sanitation in decontamination processes.
    • Disinfection procedures become less effective if the client's skin is broken.
    • A disinfectant is a chemical agent that eliminates bacteria and viruses on surfaces.
    • Disinfectants must be approved and registered by the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA).
    • Manufacturers supply essential safety information through Material Safety Data Sheets (MSDS).
    • OSHA enforces safety and health standards in the workplace, especially regarding bloodborne pathogens.
    • A suitable disinfectant should demonstrate bacterial, fungicidal, and virucidal properties.
    • The effectiveness of disinfectants, or efficacy, is crucial in salon settings.
    • Implements that contact blood or body fluids must be cleaned and completely immersed in an EPA-registered disinfectant.
    • Items that cannot be disinfected after client use must be discarded.
    • Quaternary ammonium compounds are popular disinfectants that work effectively in 10 to 15 minutes.
    • Phenolic disinfectants have a high pH and can irritate skin or eyes.
    • Ethyl alcohol must be at least 70 percent to effectively disinfect implements.
    • Sodium hypochlorite is a common household disinfectant.
    • Always mix disinfectants according to the manufacturer's exact directions.
    • Use tongs, a basket, or gloves to prevent contamination when removing items from disinfectant solutions.
    • Store clean, disinfected implements in a clean, dry container.
    • Individual towels and linens should be laundered after use on a client.
    • For equipment contact points that can't be immersed, utilize a regulatory oversight agency approved disinfectant.
    • Foot spas should be cleaned and disinfected by flushing with low-sudsing soap and water, followed by air drying.
    • Every week, foot spas need to be filled with a disinfectant solution for cleaning.
    • Dispose of cleaning materials for blood spills by placing them in double bags or a contaminated waste container.
    • The decontamination process begins with sanitation.
    • Hand washing should involve scrubbing for at least 20 seconds with liquid soap.
    • The use of bar soap in salons is discouraged as it can lead to bacterial growth.
    • Antibacterial soaps may promote resistant bacterial strains.
    • Antiseptics are effective for sanitizing hands.
    • OSHA establishes standards for bloodborne pathogens and assumes that human blood and fluids are infectious.
    • An asymptomatic client with Hepatitis B carries the infection without exhibiting symptoms.

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    Test your knowledge on the key concepts from Chapter 5 of Infection Control Principles and Practices. This quiz covers essential terms and their definitions related to infection control, safety measures, and regulatory requirements in public health. Perfect for students studying health and safety practices.

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