Infants and Non-Maternal Caregivers

According to the text, what are the four aspects of language that infants learn rapidly?

Phonology, Lexicon, Semantics, Pragmatics (correct)
Phonology, Lexicon, Pragmatics, Syntax
Phonology, Lexicon, Semantics, Syntax
Phonology, Syntax, Semantics, Pragmatics

At what age do infants begin babbling, according to the text?

Between 12 and 16 months
Between 16 and 20 months
Between 8 and 12 months
Between 4 and 8 months (correct)

What is the term used to describe the ability to connect a word with its underlying concept after a brief experience with the word?

Categorization
Syntax
Phonology
Fast mapping (correct)

What is caregiver speech also referred to as, according to the text?

Parentese (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of securely attached infants?

They accept help from parents when faced with difficult problems (A) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of anxious-resistant (ambivalent) attachment?

Infants respond with anger to parents' attempts to help or teach them (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of anxious-avoidant attachment?

Infants show little involvement with their mothers (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is a characteristic of disorganized-disoriented attachment?

Infants exhibit confused and contradictory behaviors when reunited with their parents (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, why is it good for infants to have peer interactions?

Through social interactions, infants learn new behaviors, skills and abilities, which in turn stimulates infant cognitive development (C) Signup and view all the answers

What behaviors do young babies exhibit to show interest in other infants?

Gazing, cooing and smiling (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is reciprocal socialization according to the text?

Behaviors of infants invite continuing responses from parents and caregivers – in turn eliciting further responses from infants (B) Signup and view all the answers

What does infant crying tell us according to the text?

Infant crying provides the caregiver with information about discomfort (hunger, anger, pain, fussy, etc.) (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson, what is the first building block of an infant's social and emotional development?

Trust (D) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of an individual with a secure attachment style?

Deny influence of attachment experiences on own development (C) Signup and view all the answers

According to Erikson, what is the main characteristic of autonomy in children?

Being independent and self-directed (A) Signup and view all the answers

What can happen if parents do not provide support for a toddler's autonomy and instead shame them for failures?

The toddler may develop a pattern of self-blame and doubt (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the three distinct patterns of temperament displayed by infants?

Easy babies, difficult babies, slow to warm up babies (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is attachment?

The strong and enduring emotional bond between an infant and a caregiver (A) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are the theoretical foundations of attachment formation?

Ethological view, working models, and psychoanalytic approach (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what are signaling behaviors?

Crying, cooing, babbling (B) Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT one of the explanations for the development of autonomy in children?

IdenDPcaDon of parents (B) Signup and view all the answers

What is the role of reinforcement in operant conditioning?

Reinforcement is used to encourage desirable behaviors (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for a child's feeling that they are an important, competent, powerful, and worthwhile person?

Self-esteem (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is the first primary means of communication?

Cooing (D) Signup and view all the answers

What is caregiver-infant synchrony?

Sensitively tuned responses to an infant's signals (A) Signup and view all the answers

What is secure attachment?

A healthy bond between infant and caregiver (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is operant conditioning?

A form of learning in which one organism acts or operates on the environment through voluntary behavior (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is caregiver-infant synchrony?

Sensitively tuned responses to an infant's signals which are appropriate, well timed, and rhythmic (D) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is co-regulation?

Joint attention and reciprocal turn-taking in parent-infant interaction (B) Signup and view all the answers

According to the text, what is the Goodness of Fit model?

Describes the interactions between infant temperament and environmental pressures (A) Signup and view all the answers