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Questions and Answers
At what age does separation anxiety typically begin?
Which emotional trait is characterized by the ability to regulate attention and emotions?
What is the primary emotion that may indicate withdrawal instead of seeking help in infants?
Which of the following is a characteristic behavior that increases during the middle of the first year and then decreases?
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What factor is NOT mentioned as affecting fear in infants?
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What is indicated by the absence of synchrony in early parent-infant interactions?
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At what age do infants typically start to show signs of self-awareness?
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Which temperament trait is associated with being active and social?
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Study Notes
Development of Emotions in Infants
- Infants progress from reactive pain and pleasure to complex socio-emotional awareness within the first two years.
- Primary emotions are innate, universal, and emerge distinctly during infancy.
- Colic presents as uncontrollable crying, typically subsiding by three months of age.
- The social smile is elicited by human faces and is influenced by the infant's development since conception.
- Anger is evident around six months, while sadness may appear earlier, indicating withdrawal instead of a call for help.
Factors Influencing Fear
- Awareness of discrepancies plays a crucial role in the development of fear in infants.
- An infant’s temperament varies and can influence their emotional responses.
- The social context, including interactions with caregivers and environments, affects fear levels.
- Social fear peaks during the middle of the first year before it begins to decrease.
- Separation anxiety starts at age one, intensifying by age two, then subsiding over time.
- Stranger wariness arises as a common fear of unfamiliar individuals; if persistent after age three, it may develop into disorders in adulthood, such as generalized anxiety disorder or social phobia.
- One-year-olds may show wariness toward unexpected situations but can overcome it with repeated experiences and reassurance.
Secondary Emotions and Self-Awareness
- Secondary emotions emerge from awareness of others and their feelings.
- Self-awareness typically develops between 15 and 24 months, marking the understanding of one's distinct body and mind.
Understanding Temperament
- Temperament refers to individual differences in emotions, activity levels, and self-regulation, influenced by genetics and prenatal factors.
- Temperament traits include:
- Effortful control: the ability to regulate attention and emotions, including self-soothing.
- Negative mood: characteristics of being fearful and unhappy.
- Exuberance: traits associated with being active and sociable.
- Excessive stress and fear can negatively impact brain development, leading to slower growth and fewer dendrite formations, as well as impairing the immune system.
Impact of Caregiver Behavior
- Infant emotional responses can be shaped by caregiver interactions during infancy, influencing the adult brain's emotional processing.
Importance of Social Involvement
- Synchrony in early parent-infant interactions fosters social skills development; its absence may indicate potential future emotional and cognitive issues.
- The still-face paradigm demonstrates that synchrony is experience-expectant, critical for healthy emotional growth.
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Description
Explore the developmental milestones of infants within their first two years, focusing on primary emotions and the emergence of complex socio-emotional patterns. This quiz covers topics such as colic, social smiles, and the factors influencing fear and anger in infants.
