70 Questions
When does sadness typically emerge in infants?
3 months
What action demonstrates the early form of disgust in infants at around 3 months?
Spitting out unpleasant tasting objects
At what age range do infants typically start displaying anger?
4-6 months
Which emotion is associated with fearfulness in infants at 6-8 months?
Surprise
At what age range does the emotion of surprise start to show in infants?
2-3 months
At what age does sadness typically emerge according to the text?
3-6 months
Which emotion is usually associated with disgust at 3 months?
Anger
At what age does fearfulness typically peak according to the text?
6-8 months
Which cognitive ability is needed before fearfulness can emerge in infants?
Comparison ability
At what age does surprise typically emerge based on the information provided?
3-6 months
Which emotion is exhibited by rats when a learned path to food is blocked?
Anger
What emotion emerges at 3 months according to the text?
Sadness
At what age does fearfulness typically emerge based on the text?
6-8 months
Which emotion is NOT a primary emotion in the first 6-8 months of life?
Joy
Which emotion is marked by crying and irritability in infants during their early developmental stages?
Anger
At what age did Charles Darwin propose that self-conscious emotions like 'blushing' emerged?
3 years
What emotion do sighted and blind infants not differ in their behavior within the first 3 months?
Joy
What emotion typically emerges at 2-3 months in infants?
Joy
Which emotion is likely to be displayed by infants when they are prevented from moving their arms?
Anger
What reaction is considered an important adaptive response in infants at around 3 months of age?
Defensive reaction
When does disgust emerge in its early form in infants?
3 months
Which emotion is associated with withdrawal or loss of desired objects/actions at 3 months of age?
Sadness
What is the primary measure used to assess self-knowledge in infants and toddlers?
Observing whether they recognize themselves in the mirror
According to Charles Darwin, at what age do self-conscious emotions like 'blushing' typically emerge?
3 years
Which emotion emerges within the first 6-8 months of an infant's life and is marked by satiation, attention, and responsivity to the environment?
Pleasure
At what age does the emotion of joy typically start to emerge in infants according to the text?
3 months
Which emotion is considered a self-conscious emotion requiring elaborate cognitions related to self-awareness?
Blushing
What is characterized as a separate dimension from pleasure and distress among the primary emotions in infants during the first 6-8 months of life?
Interest in the environment
What cognitive abilities are mentioned as underlying early emotions in infants?
Perceptual abilities and representative abilities
Which emotion emerges in infants when they are about 2 months old?
Surprise
What must infants be able to do before fearfulness emerges according to the text?
Compare the approaching face to an internal representation of faces
What cognitive ability is essential for the emergence of stranger anxiety or fear in infants?
Comparison ability
Which emotion is associated with a learned path to food being blocked in rats?
Anger
What state do infants show before experiencing emotions according to the text?
Consciousness
What is a key indicator of self-reflexive behaviour in infants?
Touching their own nose during the mirror-rouge task
What is an example of self-conscious evaluative emotions described in the text?
Making stable, negative, global attributions
Which emotion requires a child to have a sense of self and is based on interpreting events according to personal standards?
Shame
What distinguishes pride from shame and hubris according to the text?
It has a corrective action the child can take
Which attribution style involves blaming oneself for an event according to the text?
Internal attribution
In the context of self-conscious emotions, what does 'exposure embarrassment' primarily relate to?
Being evaluated against standards
What is a common characteristic of children prone to hubris based on the text?
'Puffed up' interpersonal interactions
'Evaluative embarrassment' as described in the text is associated with which behavior?
'Smiling sheepishly'
'Global attribution' involves attributing success/failure to what aspect according to the text?
'Whole self'
'Specific attribution' differs from 'global attribution' by attributing success/failure to what aspect?
'Specific actions'
When does the emotion of disgust emerge in its early form in infants?
2-3 months
What emotion typically emerges in infants when their arms are pinned down and they are prevented from moving?
Anger
At what age do infants typically start displaying the emotion of sadness according to the information provided?
3 months
Which emotion is associated with the defensive reaction of spitting out unpleasant tasting or smelling objects in infants?
Disgust
At what age do infants typically exhibit the emotion of joy and happiness according to the text?
2-3 months
What does Charles Darwin believe to be a necessary precursor for the emergence of self-conscious emotions in children?
Recognition of oneself in the mirror
At what age does joy typically emerge in infants?
3 months
What cognitive abilities are mentioned as essential for the emergence of early emotions in infants?
Perceptual abilities and representative abilities
What characterizes the primary emotions displayed by infants during their first 6-8 months of life?
A tri-division of emotions including general distress, pleasure, and interest in the environment
At what age does surprise typically start to emerge in infants based on the information provided?
2 months
Which emotion can reflect insight and is seen in violation of expectation, such as the surprise at cause and effect relationships?
Surprise
What does 'blushing' serve as according to Charles Darwin's model of emotional development?
An indicator of self-conscious evaluative emotions
What is the key indicator of emotional development stated in the text?
Ability to express interest in the environment
What reaction is considered an important adaptive response in infants at around 3 months of age?
Disgust
What differentiates pleasure and distress among primary emotions during the first 6-8 months of an infant's life?
'Interest in the environment'
When does fearfulness typically peak according to the text?
6-8 months
Which emotion emerges first in infants, typically between 0-6 months, reflecting surprise at unexpected events?
Surprise
What is the key development that allows infants to display self-reflexive behavior, such as recognizing themselves in mirrors?
Ability to differentiate between self and others
In self-conscious evaluative emotions, what does it mean when a child makes an internal attribution for an event?
The child takes full responsibility for the event
What distinguishes pride from hubris in the context of self-conscious emotions?
Pride focuses on specific actions, while hubris is globally attributed to the self
What cognitive ability is crucial for children to differentiate between global and specific attributions in evaluating their actions?
Ability to identify personal standards
Which emotion is more likely to be associated with a child making external attributions for events in self-conscious evaluative emotions?
Guilt
What is a common outcome for children who are prone to hubris in relation to their interpersonal relationships?
They make others feel inadequate or shamed
In the context of self-conscious evaluative emotions, what does it mean for a child to attribute failure to be 'specific'?
The failure is seen as temporary and not affecting the whole self
What is the potential consequence of inaccurate or unique evaluations in children's attributions of success and failure?
'Internal' attribution leading to narcissistic disorders
What is the primary difference between 'exposure embarrassment' and shame in self-conscious emotions?
Exposure embarrassment causes disruption in behavior while shame does not.
Test your knowledge on the development of infant emotions during the first few months of life. Learn about the emergence of joy, sadness, and disgust, as well as related behaviors such as the 'still-face paradigm'.
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