Infant Development Theories and Functions

True (A)

Reaching Studies

<p>habituation</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual Evoked Potentials (VEP) = Measures brain activity in response to visual stimuli Habituation = Examines infants' attention to novel stimuli Reaching Studies = Assesses infants' ability to judge distances and reach for objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>early visual cortex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Braddick, Wattam-Bell &amp; Atkinson (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Saccades = Used to track moving objects Pursuit = Used to localize stationary objects</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Pursuit</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>3 months (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>VEP</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Experimental (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Evaluating child development and individual differences over time.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual Cliff</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Looking Time (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Longitudinal = Evaluates child development and individual differences Cross-sectional = Quick and requires less family commitment Cross-sequential = Explorers long-term development in less time Microgenetic = Observes real-time development</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Development emerges from the interaction of multiple systems, including the body, brain, and environment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Kinematic Cues (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Visual Cliff</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>maintaining</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stereopsis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Orienting Attention = Directing attention to a stimulus Selecting Attention = Filtering out irrelevant stimuli Maintaining Attention = Staying focused on a task over time</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Attention allows infants to gather information effectively by focusing on important stimuli and ignoring distractions. They must attend to objects before learning from them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Nature (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<ol> <li>Not all infants follow the same path, with variations in movement patterns and cultural influences on timing. 2. It ignores the role of experience and environment in shaping motor skills.</li> </ol> Signup and view all the answers

<p>swaddling</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Swaddling = Restricts movement, may provide comfort and warmth Gahvora Cradle = Restricts movement, potentially delaying motor milestones Active Exercise = Encourages movement, accelerating motor development Passive Exercise = Restricted movement, potentially delaying milestone achievement</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Active Exercise (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Weather (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Thelen's Dynamic Systems Theory</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Babinski</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Moro reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Babinski Reflex = Stroking the bottom of the infant's foot Grasping Reflex = Placing an object in the infant's palm Moro Reflex = Loud noise or sudden movement Rooting Reflex = Stroking the infant's cheek Stepping Reflex = Holding infant upright with feet touching a surface Sucking Reflex = Touching the roof of the infant's mouth Tonic Neck Reflex = Turning infant's head to one side</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>All of the above (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Signup and view all the answers

<p>Stunted growth (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>False (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Babinski reflex</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>cognitive</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Iron = Impaired cognitive function Iodine = Thyroid issues Vitamin A = Vision problems Calcium = Bone development issues</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Grasping Reflex (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>True (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

<p>Growth deficiencies</p> Signup and view all the answers

Government programs that influence early childhood growth.

Examines relationships between variables that cannot be manipulated.

Assesses the effect of one variable on another, manipulating variables.

Evaluates child development over time, tracking individual differences.

Quickly assesses various age groups, but may confound age and group differences.

Studies depth perception in infants through visual cues.

Development emerges from multiple interacting systems: body, brain, environment.

Abstract concepts measured but not directly observable, like memory and perception.

When infants lose interest in repeated stimuli and show renewed attention to new stimuli.

Studies that measure infants’ depth perception through their reaching behavior.

A method using electrodes to measure brain responses to visual stimuli.

Fundamental shifts in development characterized by sudden changes, like crawling to walking.

Gradual, continuous change, such as increases in height or vocabulary.

Nature refers to genetic factors, while nurture refers to environmental influences on development.

The concept that both genes and the environment independently contribute to development.

Specific time windows in development when the brain is most vulnerable to external influences.

Ability to detect differences between light and dark regions; improves in infancy.

Cone density in fovea and length in infants are lower than adults, affecting visual acuity.

The lens does not accommodate well at birth, impacting focus on objects.

Retinal ganglion cells and optic nerve continue developing after birth.

Infants can detect orientation shifts, indicating early visual processing.

Quick eye movements used to localize stationary objects; improve with age.

Smooth tracking of moving objects; develops more by 6 months of age.

Basic visual functioning develops rapidly, aiding in object recognition in infancy.

Young infants can only see bright colors clearly and need large objects for visibility.

The ability to perceive distance and three-dimensional space develops through experience.

Motion-based depth perception cues involving motion parallax and optical expansion.

Depth perception cues that involve both eyes, forming a 3D image, developing around 4 months.

Depth perception using information from one eye, like size and texture, emerging around 5-7 months.

The process of selecting important information while ignoring irrelevant distractions.

Directing focus to a specific stimulus, often requiring disengagement from current tasks.

Breastfeeding offers immune support and reduces infection risks in infants.

An alternative to breastfeeding, but lacks certain immune benefits.

Malnutrition can cause stunted growth, cognitive delays, and weakened immune function.

Deficiencies in nutrients like Iron, Iodine, and Vitamin A impair brain and motor development.

Lead exposure can cause neurological damage and slow growth in children.

Prenatal alcohol exposure that leads to growth deficiencies and developmental issues.

An infant reflex where toes fan out and curl when stroking the bottom of the foot.

An infant reflex where the baby makes stepping motions when upright with feet touching a surface.

Theory stating infants follow the same motor milestones globally, emphasizing biological factors.

Age-specific motor skills development phases for infants, like crawling and walking.

Infants who walk earlier than the average milestone age.

Infants who walk later than the typical milestone age.

Arguments against rigid milestone theories, noting that not all infants follow set paths.

Proposes motor development arises from the interplay of brain, muscles, experience, and environment.

A practice that restricts infant movement but can provide comfort and warmth.

Active exercise promotes motor skill development, while passive limits it.