Infant and Elderly Memory Insights
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Infant and Elderly Memory Insights

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Questions and Answers

At what age can infants recall how to move the mobile according to the study?

  • Four months
  • Five months
  • Six months (correct)
  • Three months
  • What action did two- to six-month-old infants perform to activate a mobile?

  • They kicked (correct)
  • They turned their heads
  • They clapped hands
  • They pressed a button
  • What trend is observed regarding long-term retention in infants during the first 18 months?

  • It declines significantly
  • It shows no change
  • It improves exponentially
  • It improves linearly (correct)
  • What was previously believed about infant memory before recent research?

    <p>Infant memory was thought to be extremely limited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How long after the action could six- to 18-month-old infants still recall how to activate the train?

    <p>Two weeks</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What similar influence on memory do infants and adults share according to the research?

    <p>Environmental factors can affect memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of task did infants perform to activate a train?

    <p>They pressed a lever</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the aims of Rovee-Collier's research?

    <p>To challenge the idea that infant memory is limited</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What stereotype about elderly people is mentioned in the content?

    <p>They are believed to have substantial cognitive deficits.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome when a young woman used Lysol instead of hair spray?

    <p>She was merely teased.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How many correct items did 12-year-olds with intellectual disability recall on average?

    <p>13.6 items</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of memory is primarily examined in relation to elderly people in the content?

    <p>Working memory</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does recent research indicate about individual differences in elderly memory?

    <p>There are large individual differences and complex trends.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What common misconception might elderly individuals have about their memory capabilities?

    <p>They assume they are not able to improve their memory.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What age group shows the maximum average recall performance according to the data provided?

    <p>Typically developing children aged 12</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What might influence the memory changes observed during aging?

    <p>Lifestyle, social factors, and practice may all contribute.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What characteristic of Sam Stone is emphasized in each story?

    <p>He is nice but very clumsy.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition resulted in the least accurate eyewitness testimony from children?

    <p>Stereotype-plus-suggestion condition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does metamemory refer to?

    <p>Knowledge about cognitive processes and control over them</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was one of the incorrect suggestions given to the children about Sam Stone?

    <p>He ripped a book.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What differentiates metamemory from the theory of mind?

    <p>Metamemory involves knowledge of your own memory, while theory of mind involves understanding others' beliefs.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What factor does NOT influence the accuracy of children's eyewitness testimony according to the content?

    <p>Socioeconomic background</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the outcome for younger children who received both the stereotype and suggestions?

    <p>They falsely reported witnessing actions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which age group has shown limited research in metacomprehension?

    <p>Children</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the control group's high accuracy suggest about eyewitness testimony?

    <p>It can remain valid without misleading information.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How does children's understanding of memory affect their memory performance?

    <p>Higher awareness of memory improves their actual performance.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What aspect of metacognition involves understanding one's comprehension of written material?

    <p>Metacomprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements is true regarding the influence of misleading suggestions?

    <p>They can lead to false memories of events.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is noted as a potential influence on young children's responses during metamemory assessments?

    <p>Their limited language skills</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors was confirmed to affect children's eyewitness testimony by several studies?

    <p>Age of the child and misleading suggestions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following best describes a demonstration to assess children's metamemory?

    <p>Asking children about memory while comparing answers to adults'</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What other form of metacognition is mentioned along with metamemory?

    <p>Metacomprehension</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What do children often fail to realize regarding memory strategies?

    <p>They need to make an effort to apply them.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    How do older children generally differ from younger children in their judgment of memory performance?

    <p>Older children are more accurate in self-assessment.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In the study by Roebers and colleagues, how did the children express their confidence in their answers?

    <p>Via a scale of cartoon facial expressions.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What assumption did the 11-year-old girl make about memorizing material?

    <p>She thought re-reading the text would suffice for memorization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What was the primary finding of the study by Dunlosky & Metcalfe regarding children's memory performance?

    <p>Younger children are significantly more overconfident in their assessments.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following statements best reflects children's confidence in their correct answers after the magic show?

    <p>Regardless of age, children were very sure when they answered correctly.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is indicated about older children's understanding of memorization effort?

    <p>They generally underestimate the effort required in memorization.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What could enhance children's ability to effectively use memory strategies?

    <p>Receiving clear instructions about the benefits of the strategies.</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Infant Memory

    • Infants display significant memory development in the first 18 months of life.
    • Six-month-olds can recall how to activate a mobile or train after a two-week delay, demonstrating long-term retention.
    • Infant memory is influenced by similar factors to adult memory.

    Children's Eyewitness Testimony

    • Children's eyewitness testimony can be influenced by misleading information, stereotypes, and suggestions.
    • Research shows that children who are exposed to stereotypes or receive inaccurate suggestions are more likely to falsely claim they witnessed events.

    Elderly Memory

    • Elderly individuals often face stereotypes about memory decline, which can lead to negative self-perceptions.
    • Research on age-related changes in memory highlights individual differences and complex developmental trends.

    Working Memory in Elderly People

    • It's challenging to fully understand how well elderly adults perform on tasks requiring working memory.
    • Research on memory in elderly individuals shows varying results, leading to no comprehensive explanation.

    Metamemory

    • Metamemory refers to your knowledge, monitoring, and control of your memory.
    • Research on metamemory in children and elderly individuals reveals understanding of how memory works, awareness of effort required for learning, and judgments about individual memory performance.

    Children's Metamemory

    • Children's understanding of how memory works evolves over time, becoming more accurate in older years.
    • Children often fail to realize they need to make an effort to use memory strategies.
    • Young children are often overconfident in their memory performance; older children become more accurate in self-assessment.

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    Description

    This quiz explores the fascinating developments in memory from infancy through elderly years. It covers infant memory capabilities, factors influencing children's eyewitness testimony, and age-related changes in memory among the elderly. Test your understanding of how memory evolves across different life stages!

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