Infant and Elderly Memory Insights

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Questions and Answers

At what age can infants recall how to move the mobile according to the study?

Four months

Five months

Six months (correct)

Three months

What action did two- to six-month-old infants perform to activate a mobile?

They kicked (correct)

They turned their heads

They clapped hands

They pressed a button

What trend is observed regarding long-term retention in infants during the first 18 months?

It declines significantly

It shows no change

It improves exponentially

It improves linearly (correct)

What was previously believed about infant memory before recent research?

Infant memory was thought to be extremely limited Signup and view all the answers

How long after the action could six- to 18-month-old infants still recall how to activate the train?

Two weeks Signup and view all the answers

What similar influence on memory do infants and adults share according to the research?

Environmental factors can affect memory Signup and view all the answers

What type of task did infants perform to activate a train?

They pressed a lever Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the aims of Rovee-Collier's research?

To challenge the idea that infant memory is limited Signup and view all the answers

What stereotype about elderly people is mentioned in the content?

They are believed to have substantial cognitive deficits. Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome when a young woman used Lysol instead of hair spray?

She was merely teased. Signup and view all the answers

How many correct items did 12-year-olds with intellectual disability recall on average?

13.6 items Signup and view all the answers

What type of memory is primarily examined in relation to elderly people in the content?

Working memory Signup and view all the answers

What does recent research indicate about individual differences in elderly memory?

There are large individual differences and complex trends. Signup and view all the answers

What common misconception might elderly individuals have about their memory capabilities?

They assume they are not able to improve their memory. Signup and view all the answers

What age group shows the maximum average recall performance according to the data provided?

Typically developing children aged 12 Signup and view all the answers

What might influence the memory changes observed during aging?

Lifestyle, social factors, and practice may all contribute. Signup and view all the answers

What characteristic of Sam Stone is emphasized in each story?

He is nice but very clumsy. Signup and view all the answers

Which condition resulted in the least accurate eyewitness testimony from children?

Stereotype-plus-suggestion condition Signup and view all the answers

What does metamemory refer to?

Knowledge about cognitive processes and control over them Signup and view all the answers

What was one of the incorrect suggestions given to the children about Sam Stone?

He ripped a book. Signup and view all the answers

What differentiates metamemory from the theory of mind?

Metamemory involves knowledge of your own memory, while theory of mind involves understanding others' beliefs. Signup and view all the answers

What factor does NOT influence the accuracy of children's eyewitness testimony according to the content?

Socioeconomic background Signup and view all the answers

What was the outcome for younger children who received both the stereotype and suggestions?

They falsely reported witnessing actions. Signup and view all the answers

Which age group has shown limited research in metacomprehension?

Children Signup and view all the answers

What does the control group's high accuracy suggest about eyewitness testimony?

It can remain valid without misleading information. Signup and view all the answers

How does children's understanding of memory affect their memory performance?

Higher awareness of memory improves their actual performance. Signup and view all the answers

What aspect of metacognition involves understanding one's comprehension of written material?

Metacomprehension Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements is true regarding the influence of misleading suggestions?

They can lead to false memories of events. Signup and view all the answers

What is noted as a potential influence on young children's responses during metamemory assessments?

Their limited language skills Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors was confirmed to affect children's eyewitness testimony by several studies?

Age of the child and misleading suggestions. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following best describes a demonstration to assess children's metamemory?

Asking children about memory while comparing answers to adults' Signup and view all the answers

What other form of metacognition is mentioned along with metamemory?

Metacomprehension Signup and view all the answers

What do children often fail to realize regarding memory strategies?

They need to make an effort to apply them. Signup and view all the answers

How do older children generally differ from younger children in their judgment of memory performance?

Older children are more accurate in self-assessment. Signup and view all the answers

In the study by Roebers and colleagues, how did the children express their confidence in their answers?

Via a scale of cartoon facial expressions. Signup and view all the answers

What assumption did the 11-year-old girl make about memorizing material?

She thought re-reading the text would suffice for memorization. Signup and view all the answers

What was the primary finding of the study by Dunlosky & Metcalfe regarding children's memory performance?

Younger children are significantly more overconfident in their assessments. Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following statements best reflects children's confidence in their correct answers after the magic show?

Regardless of age, children were very sure when they answered correctly. Signup and view all the answers

What is indicated about older children's understanding of memorization effort?

They generally underestimate the effort required in memorization. Signup and view all the answers

What could enhance children's ability to effectively use memory strategies?

Receiving clear instructions about the benefits of the strategies. Signup and view all the answers

Study Notes

Infant Memory

Infants display significant memory development in the first 18 months of life.
Six-month-olds can recall how to activate a mobile or train after a two-week delay, demonstrating long-term retention.
Infant memory is influenced by similar factors to adult memory.

Children's Eyewitness Testimony

Children's eyewitness testimony can be influenced by misleading information, stereotypes, and suggestions.
Research shows that children who are exposed to stereotypes or receive inaccurate suggestions are more likely to falsely claim they witnessed events.

Elderly Memory

Elderly individuals often face stereotypes about memory decline, which can lead to negative self-perceptions.
Research on age-related changes in memory highlights individual differences and complex developmental trends.

Working Memory in Elderly People

It's challenging to fully understand how well elderly adults perform on tasks requiring working memory.
Research on memory in elderly individuals shows varying results, leading to no comprehensive explanation.

Metamemory

Metamemory refers to your knowledge, monitoring, and control of your memory.
Research on metamemory in children and elderly individuals reveals understanding of how memory works, awareness of effort required for learning, and judgments about individual memory performance.

Children's Metamemory

Children's understanding of how memory works evolves over time, becoming more accurate in older years.
Children often fail to realize they need to make an effort to use memory strategies.
Young children are often overconfident in their memory performance; older children become more accurate in self-assessment.

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Description

This quiz explores the fascinating developments in memory from infancy through elderly years. It covers infant memory capabilities, factors influencing children's eyewitness testimony, and age-related changes in memory among the elderly. Test your understanding of how memory evolves across different life stages!