Industrialization and Imperialism Review

Industrialization and Imperialism Review

• Coal's Importance: Coal was vital fuel for powering steam engines during the Industrial Revolution.
• Industrial Revolution's Effect: The Industrial Revolution led to a widespread shift from agrarian economies to industrialized ones.
• Enclosure Movement's Downside: The enclosure movement displaced small farmers from their land.
• Industrial Revolution and Political Rights: Rising middle classes, paying high taxes, demanded better voting rights as a result of the Industrial Revolution.
• Communism Characteristics: Communism involves a complete government control over all aspects of society, including economic resources and property.
• Socialism vs. Communism: Socialism allows for private property; communism does not.
• 19th Century City Life Improvements: City life saw better job opportunities, transportation, and trade unions.
• Textile Industry's Impact: Industrialization in textiles led to advancements like wool, linen and cotton machines with steam engines.
• New Imperialism Cause: A rise in population and need for larger military led to the demand for new lands. The need for resources also drove imperialism.
• Imperialism and Industrialization Connection: Industrialization fueled imperialism, as nations sought resources and markets abroad.
• European Infrastructure in Colonies: Europeans built roads, bridges, and railroads in their colonies to expand trade and facilitate faster transportation.
• British East India Company's Control in India: Control over India was mostly gained through military force by the British East India Company.
• Sepoy Mutiny Trigger: The Sepoy Mutiny was triggered by the British disrespect of Indian culture (using cow/pig fat on bullets).
• British Indian School System: The British developed school systems in India to train native Indians as soldiers.
• Taiping Rebellion Impact: The Taiping Rebellion resulted in significant population loss and instability in China.
• European Interference in late 1800s China: European interference in China was successful partially because they were able to quell the Taiping Rebellion, which enabled better control. This was also partly due to their ability to impose terms on China and exploit its vulnerability.
• Opium Wars Results: Britain gained coastal ports, Hong Kong, and limited taxes on British goods as a result of the Opium Wars.
• Boxer Rebellion Goal: The Boxer Rebellion aimed to rid China of foreign powers.
• Meiji Restoration in Japan: Japan, following the Meiji Restoration, pursued aggressive imperialism to obtain needed raw materials for its rapidly growing economy in the late 19th and early 20th centuries. This expansion resulted in conflict as they sought to expand into other territories.
• Berlin Conference: European leaders held the Berlin Conference to divide the African continent for colonization.
• Suez Canal: The Suez Canal facilitated British access to India.
• Taiping Rebellion Cause: The Taiping Rebellion was a peasant revolt caused by religious and economic grievances.