Industrialization and Imperialism Review

Coal was a key energy source for powering steam engines, which were essential for the advancements in various industries during the Industrial Revolution.

The Industrial Revolution shifted economies from primarily agricultural to industrialized ones, characterized by mass production and factories.

The Enclosure Movement forced small farmers off their land, leading to unemployment and migration to urban areas, contributing to the growth of factory towns.

The Industrial Revolution brought about significant social changes, like urbanization and a large working class, which fueled demands for political rights and voting rights.

Communism aims for economic equality, where the state controls all resources and means of production.

The Industrial Revolution led to a general increase in the standard of living for many people in Europe due to advancements in technology and increased productivity.

Socialism allows for private property ownership, while communism seeks to eliminate private ownership and control all resources through the state.

City life improved in the late 1800s and early 1900s due to advancements like better transportation, job opportunities, and the rise of trade unions.

The Industrial Revolution brought about advancements in textile machinery, powered by steam engines, leading to mass production of fabrics like wool, linen, and cotton.

New Imperialism in the 19th century was driven by the need for resources, markets, and military power as European populations grew and industrialized.

Industrialization fueled the desire for resources and markets, driving European nations to expand their empires and control territories around the world.

European powers improved infrastructure in their colonies, such as roads and railroads, to facilitate trade and transport goods more efficiently.

The British East India Company gained control over India through military force and political maneuvering, gradually extending their influence.

The Sepoy Mutiny was triggered by the British disrespecting the religious beliefs of Hindus and Muslims by using cartridges greased with animal fat.

The British established a new school system in India to educate native Indians, particularly for military service.

To balance the trade deficit with China, Britain began exporting opium to China, which became a highly addictive substance and disrupted Chinese society.

The Taiping Rebellion led to a devastating loss of life in China, weakening the Qing dynasty and destabilizing the country.

The European powers' ability to put down the Taiping Rebellion demonstrated their military superiority and facilitated their influence in China.

The Opium Wars resulted in British gains, including control over coastal ports, Hong Kong, and reduced tariffs on British goods, giving them greater economic advantages.

The Boxer Rebellion aimed to expel foreign powers from China, driven by anti-foreign sentiment and a desire to restore traditional Chinese values.

Under pressure from Commodore Matthew Perry's fleet, Japan agreed to open its ports to American trade and to treat shipwrecked American citizens more fairly.

The Meiji Restoration brought about modernization and westernization in Japan, adopting Western technologies, education, and institutions.

Japan's aggressive imperialism in the late 19th and early 20th centuries was driven by the need for resources, markets, and territorial expansion to support its rapidly growing economy.

The Berlin Conference was held by European leaders to divide up the African continent among themselves, ignoring the existing African kingdoms and cultures.

The Suez Canal connected the Mediterranean Sea to the Red Sea, providing a faster route to India, significantly benefiting British trade and control over the region.

The Taiping Rebellion was a massive peasant rebellion sparked by religious beliefs and economic hardship, challenging the Qing dynasty's authority.